国际贸易“碳中和”研究热点领域及其动向

碳中和是世界各国面临的共同问题。经济全球化与贸易自由化背景下国际贸易总量快速增长,伴随着深度国际分工与产业转移,贸易产品的生产者与消费者在陆表形成严重的空间位移。利用文献计量软件CiteSpace分析国际贸易主题下碳中和相关文献,揭示国际贸易“碳中和”研究动向。研究发现：（1）温室气体在全球范围时空演变,使跨区域、多尺度的全球碳治理变得更加复杂,发达国家将高污染与低价值链产业转移至各发展中国家,以生产者责任划分的碳核算原则不再适用于国际贸易合作。（2）进出口贸易逐渐成为新兴经济体经济发展动力,全球碳治理应转向新兴经济体与区域一体化,全球气候政策设计应遵守国际碳市场公平性底线,不断优化碳排放量核算体系,完善碳会计方法,模拟全球碳减排预期效果。重点提高产业部门碳减排意识和产业清洁技术及能源利用效率,利用多种手段改变生态系统的增汇减碳能力。新兴经济体在承接发达国家技术援助同时,应重点关注本国能源产业,发展可再生能源产业,提高能源的利用效率,并运用经济政策与金融工具促进本国的气候变化投融资产业发展。全球碳治理应更加注重公平性与国家间的经济发展、环境资源差异,利用多样的碳治理工具与协商合作方式,促使更多国家参与全球化或区域一体化的碳治理模式。（3）中国亟待通过国内多产业、多部门的增汇减排与国际碳减排、碳中和实践,健全碳市场机制,提高碳治理水平,为国际碳治理合作提供“最大公约数”。

Research hotspots and trends of carbon neutrality in international trade

Carbon neutrality is a common problem faced by all countries in the world. Against the background of economic globalization and trade liberalization, the total volume of international trade grows rapidly. With the deep international division of labor and industrial transfer, producers and consumers of trade objects have caused serious spatial displacement on the land surface. The bibliometric software CiteSpace is applied to analyze relevant literature on carbon neutrality under the theme of international trade and reveal the trend of "carbon neutrality" in international trade. The results show that: (1) The spatiotemporal evolution of greenhouse gases on a global scale has made trans-regional and multi-scale global carbon governance more complex. The developed countries have transferred high-pollution and low-value chain industries to the developing countries, and the principle of carbon accounting based on producer responsibility is no longer applicable to international trade cooperation. (2) Import and export trade is gradually becoming the driving force for the economic development of emerging economies. Global carbon governance should gradually move closer to the globalization of economic cooperation and regional integration. The global climate policy design should start from the fairness of the international carbon market, continuously optimize the carbon emission accounting system, improve the carbon accounting method, and analyze the expected effect of global carbon emission reduction through modeling. It is necessary to improve the awareness of the carbon emission reduction responsibility of industrial sectors, improve the utilization efficiency of industrial clean technology and energy, and to change the capacity of an ecological system to increase carbon sink and reduce emissions. While receiving technical assistance from the developed countries, emerging economies should focus on their energy industries, develop renewable energy industries, improve energy efficiency, and use economic policies and financial instruments to promote the development of their climate change investment and financing industries. Global carbon governance should pay more attention to equity, economic development, and environmental and resource differences among countries, and encourage more countries to participate in global or regional integration of carbon governance by using various carbon governance tools and ways of consultation and cooperation. The Chinese goverment must improve the carbon market mechanism, raise the level of carbon governance, and provide the "greatest common divisor" for international cooperation on carbon governance through domestic multi-industry and multi-sector emission reduction and international carbon emission reduction and carbon neutrality practices.