典型喀斯特地区国土空间生态修复分区研究——以贵州猫跳河流域为例

国土空间生态修复是实现生态系统服务可持续供给的重要保障,明确其空间分区是开展生态修复的前提条件。针对现有生态修复分区方法的层级单一、结果针对性欠佳等问题,以典型喀斯特地区贵州猫跳河流域为研究区,构建“自然立地条件—主导生态功能—生态胁迫问题”生态修复分区框架。选取海拔、坡度、地形起伏度、植被类型等自然立地条件指标分析流域内地域分异规律,进而划定生态修复一级分区;基于水源涵养、土壤保持、生物多样性维护、粮食供给等主要生态系统服务功能评价结果识别区域主导生态功能,据此划定生态修复二级分区;结合石漠化敏感性、水土流失敏感性及生态退化度等关键生态胁迫问题指标构建生态修复分区指数识别生态修复重点区域,进而开展生态修复三级分区划分。最终,将猫跳河流域划分为3个生态修复一级分区、10个生态修复二级分区及30个生态修复三级分区,并提出了相应的生态修复策略。研究可为猫跳河流域生态修复实践提供参考,并为西南喀斯特地区生态修复分区提供理论借鉴。

Ecological restoration zoning of territorial space in typical karst region: A case study of Maotiao River Basin in Guizhou

Ecological restoration of territorial space is essentially important to the sustainability of ecosystem services, and spatial zoning plays a significant role in the procedure of ecological restoration. In order to address the problems of simplified zoning level and poor applicability of zoning results, a zoning framework for ecological restoration, "natural site conditions-dominant ecological functions-ecological stress issues" was proposed in this paper. Then a case study was carried out in Maotiao River Basin, a typical karst region in Guizhou. For the first-level zone of ecological restoration, natural condition indicators were selected, such as altitude, slope, topographic relief and vegetation type, to analyze the regional differentiation. Based on ecosystem service functions including water conservation, soil conservation, food supply, and biodiversity maintenance, the dominant ecological functions were identified and the second-level zone of ecological restoration were completed. For the third-level zone of ecological restoration, key ecological stress indicators such as rocky desertification sensitivity, soil erosion sensitivity, and ecological degradation were integrated. Following that, the territorial space of Maotiao River Basin was divided into 3 first-level ecological restoration zones, 10 second-level zones, and 30 third-level zones, and corresponding ecological restoration strategies are proposed. This study can be a scientific support for the ecological restoration of the Maotiao River Basin, and also a helpful reference for the ecological restoration zoning for the southwest karst area in China.