陆地生态系统净第一性生产力过程模型研究综述

陆地生态系统净第一性生产力的模拟已从统计模型发展到过程模型时代。过程模型从机理上对植物的生物物理过程以及影响因子进行分析和模拟,理论框架完整,结构严谨。论文从植物器官、个体、冠层、景观以及区域等不同尺度对过程模型进行分析。近年来,由于遥感和GIS技术的支持,使得遥感过程模型融合了遥感及时、准确、宏观、多尺度的优势而成为当前生产力模型的主攻方向。遥感过程模型可实现生态系统NPP的及时模拟和动态监测,便捷、准确地反映NPP的时空变化格局。而在NPP建模过程中,尺度转换是所面临的一个重要问题。不同尺度模型间扩展时,需要采取相应的数学手段进行尺度转换,同时遥感和GIS技术提供了尺度转换的有力工具。综观我国NPP研究的发展,起步晚、发展快是其特点。虽然取得了大量的研究成果,但过程模型的建模方面还很不足,这是一个亟待解决的问题。

Study on Process Model of Net Primary productivity of Terrestrial Ecosystems

The simulation of net primary productivity (NPP) in terrestrial ecosystem comes into a stage of process-based simulation from statistics-based simulation.We review the history of study on NPP in China;it has made a rapid progress.However,we should pay more attention to study on NPP modeling.Process models for estimating NPP simulate a series of plant physiological processes.Process models have the advantages of: (1) being theoretically grounded, (2) the ability to handle interactions and feedbacks of different processes, (3) the flexibility to describe details of biological processes under a variety of conditions, and (4) the verifiability of explicit hypotheses regarding plant physiological processes.Furthermore,process models based remote sensing will simulate and monitor dynamically NPP of terrestrial ecosystem timely,macroscopically,exactly from multi-scale,though the NPP temporal-spatial change pattern will be shown well.We expound every kind of process -based model from leaf scale,canopy scale and region scale.Because of complexity and heterogeneousness of ecosystem,it is an important question to scale in NPP modeling.We could complete scaling by mathematic method.And remote sensing and GIS provide a new way to scaling.