20世纪下半叶上海市居住用地扩展模式、强度及空间分异特征

基于多时相土地利用图与遥感影像资料,建立空间研究网格,通过土地利用扩展强度指数的空间分析,对1947～2002年上海市建成区居住用地扩展模式、强度及空间分异特征进行了研究。结果表明:①上海市建成区居住用地空间扩展并不是持续增长的,其扩展强度与速度均从建国初期开始减小,在1964～1979年期间达到最低值后又逐渐增大,总体上表现为先降后升的发展变化;②居住用地扩展模式随时间发生较大变化,由建国初期以核心建成区为主的渐进式扩展(1947～1964年)转变为跳跃式扩展(1964～1988年),到近些年又发展成兼具渐进扩展与跳跃扩展特征的混合扩展模式(1988～2002年),城市用地功能由简单趋于复杂和多元化;③不同时期居住用地扩展过程差异较大,其行为特征受国家宏观政策及社会经济发展等因素的影响,可以为复杂的城市扩展动力机制研究提供更多素材。

A Study on the Intensity and Spatial Pattern of Urban Residential Growth in Shanghai from 1947 to 2002

Based on the multi,temporal land use map and SPOT data,modes,intensit y and spa,tial pattern of residential growth of built,up area in Shanghai from 1 947 to 2002 were studied according to the calculated land use intensity index wi th GIS gridding analysis.The results indicate that:(1)Spatial growth of the resi dential area was not increasing continuously with time,the growth intensity,spe ed and the area of all the growth types presented a descending trend from 1947 t o 1979 with the minimal value occurring during 1964～1979,and a gradual ascendin g trend was observed from 1979 to 2002 with the maximal intensity and speed occu rring during 1996～2002,the difference between the maximal and minimal intensiti es was about 100 times.(2)Growth modes of the residential area were distinct in each stage, and showed a "gradual circle growth mode" according to the growth in tensity from the centre to the verge of the built,up area in the initial stages( gradual growth dominated the central built,up area during 1947～1964), an interl aced intensity pattern of "leap growth mode" in the medium stages(from 1964 to 1 988)and an"integrated growth mode"of the foregoing two types from 1988 to 2002(m ixed growth mode consisting of gradual circle and leap growth),thus the urban la nd use functions became more complicated.(3)The growth processes of the resident ial area showed strong difference in each stage,and were influenced by the macro scopic policies and economic development in different periods,which provided abu ndant data and materials for the studies of the urban growth mechanisms.