环境规制影响资源型城市绿色全要素生产率的途径与政策建议

环境规制对资源型城市绿色全要素生产率是否具有推动作用，通过何种路径驱动以及是否存在城市类型异质性有待进一步理清。本文选取2004—2019年中国113座资源型城市的面板数据，利用非径向、非角度的SBM模型与GML指数对资源型城市绿色全要素生产率进行测算，随后通过构建多重中介效应模型实证检验了科技创新、外商直接投资和产业结构优化在环境规制影响绿色全要素生产率的传导机制及其在城市类型间的异质性。研究表明：（1）从全样本回归结果看，环境规制对资源型城市绿色全要素生产率的作用系数显著为正，产业结构优化和外商直接投资均发挥了显著的正向中介效应，而科技创新表现为间接抑制作用；在非资源型城市中，三类中介效应均不显著。（2）类型异质性检验显示，科技创新在成长型、成熟型城市中发挥了正向中介效应，在再生型城市中表现为间接抑制作用；外商直接投资在衰退型城市中的中介效应值为正，而在再生型城市中表现为负向中介效应；产业结构优化在成长型与成熟型城市中发挥了正向中介效应。（3）对比中介效应结果表明，全样本回归时，产业结构优化、外商直接投资和科技创新的中介效应梯次递减，产业结构优化的中介效应占比接近80%，环境规制的...

Ways and policy suggestions of environmental regulation on green total factor productivity in resource-based cities

It remains to be clarified whether environmental regulation has a driving effect on green total factor productivity in resource-based cities, through what path and whether there is heterogeneity of city types. This paper selects panel data of 113 resource-based cities in China from 2004 to 2019, and uses non-radial and non-angular SBM model and GML index to measure green total factor productivity of resource-based cities. Then, this paper empirically tests the intermediary effect of scientific and technological innovation, foreign direct investment and industrial structure optimization and the heterogeneity among different type cities. The results show that: (1) The effect coefficient of environmental regulation on green total factor productivity of resource-based cities is significantly positive. Both industrial structure optimization and foreign direct investment play a significant positive mediating effect, while scientific and technological innovation plays an indirect inhibiting effect. (2) The heterogeneity test of city types shows that technological innovation plays a positive mediating role in growing and mature cities, and an indirect inhibiting role in regenerating cities; the foreign direct investment has a positive mediating effect in the declining cities, and negative in regenerating cities; the industrial structure optimization plays a positive mediating effect in growing and mature cities. (3) The comparative mediation effect results in the whole-sample regression shows that the intermediary effect of industrial structure optimization, foreign direct investment and scientific and technological innovation decrease step by step; the mediating effects of industrial structure optimization account for nearly 80%, and the direct effect of environmental regulation is greater than the overall mediating effect. Growing and mature cities mainly exert intermediary effects through scientific and technological innovation and industrial structure optimization, declining cities mainly exert intermediary effects through foreign direct investment, and regenerating cities mainly exert intermediary effects through scientific and technological innovation and foreign direct investment. The robustness test shows that the results are reliable. Finally, this paper puts forward policy suggestions from the aspects of establishing the externality constraint mechanism of resource development and pollution emissions, and adopting the environmental regulation policy of classified guidance and local conditions, etc.