西北干旱区生态承载力监测及安全格局构建

以西北干旱区为研究区,通过引入生态环境弹性力、资源环境供容力、社会经济压力三个准则层,建立了生态承载力综合评价体系。在此基础上运用空间主成分分析法（SPCA）对西北干旱区2000年、2007年、2012年、2016年四期生态承载力时空变化进行监测评估,进而构建生态安全格局。研究结果表明：西北干旱区生态承载力以弱承载为主,且在研究时段弱承载区面积不断下降,而强承载区面积有上升趋势;从空间分布看,河西地区、北疆地区、内蒙古西部地区生态承载力呈上升趋势,而南疆地区则有所下降;利用MCR模型提取道路型廊道、河流型廊道、绿色廊道共51条,总长度7285.43 km;提取重要斑块区节点、河流湿地区节点、生态脆弱区节点等共71个。根据计算结果将西北干旱区划分为16个生态安全格局,并结合生态承载力变化情况,对现有的安全格局进行布局优化,以期为西北干旱区生态环境的保护和恢复治理提供科学参考。

Ecological carrying capacity monitoring and security pattern construction in arid areas of Northwest China

In this paper, ecological function elasticity, resource supply and environmental capacity, social and economic pressure rule of three layers are used to set up a comprehensive evaluation system of ecological carrying capacity. On this basis, the spatial principal component analysis (SPCA) is used in the arid areas of Northwest China covering 2000, 2007, 2012 and 2016 to examine spatial and temporal variations so as to monitor the ecological carrying capacity evaluation, and construct ecological security pattern. The results show that the ecological carrying capacity of the study area is mainly weak bearing, and the area of the weak bearing area is decreasing, while the area of the strong bearing area is increasing. In terms of spatial distribution, the ecological carrying capacity of Hexi region, Northern Xinjiang and Western Inner Mongolia is on the rise, while that of Southern Xinjiang is in the decline. The MCR model was used to extract 51 road-type corridors, river-type corridors and green corridors, with a total length of 7285.43 km, and 71 nodes in important patch area, river wet area and ecological fragile area were extracted. According to the calculation results, the arid areas of Northwest China are divided into 16 ecological security patterns, and the existing security patterns are optimized according to the changes of ecological carrying capacity.