我国湖泊系统氮磷时空变化及对富营养化影响研究

本文收集整理了32篇已公开发表的学术论文的湖泊富营养化有效监测数据约140组,对湖泊氮磷时空特征和富营养化的关系进行分析。结果表明,我国湖泊总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)的变化范围分别为0.11~29.2 mg/L和0.006~1.04 mg/L,其中氮的变异性比磷大。TN/TP的变化范围在0.86~84,几何平均值为16.43,这说明磷素是我国湖泊富营养化的一个主要限制因子。TN与纬度存在极显著的相关关系,随着纬度的升高,TN含量极显著地减少,但TN与经度的相关关系较弱(p=0.126),这可能与氮在经度上变异性大有关。TP与纬度和经度的相关关系都达到显著水平,随着经纬度的升高,TP显著地减少。TN/TP与经纬度也都存在显著的相关关系,随经度和纬度的升高,我国湖泊的TN/TP显著升高,表明磷素富集可能是造成南方湖泊的富营养化程度高的重要原因。我国湖泊水体氮素和磷素在化学计量上的变化,可能与我国目前湖泊富营养化频发密切相关。自上个世纪90年代至今,我国湖泊磷素含量上升极为显著,但氮素则变化不大(p=0.275),从而引起TN/TP显著下降,所以,解决我国湖泊富营养化问题的关键在于"磷"素的输入控制。

Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Nitrogen and Phosphorus of Lake Systems in China and Their Impact on Eutrophication

Based on about 140 nationwide data of eutrophication from 32 formally published papers,the relationships between nationwide temporal-spatial patterns of N(or P) of lakes and the eutrophication were analyzed.The results showed that total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) of the lake systems in China are within the ranges of 0.11~ 29.2 mg/L for N,and 0.006 ~1.04 mg/L for P,respectively.And the variability of nitrogen was more significant than that of phosphorus.TN/TP values are within the range of d 0.86 ~ 84,with the geometric mean of 16.43,suggesting that phosphorus was a major limiting factor of lakes.There was an obvious correlation between TN and latitude,but the relationship between TN and longitude wasn't significant(p=0.126),which may be related to the more significant variability of nitrogen in longitude.And there was an obvious correlation between TP(or TN/TP) and latitude(or longitude).TP and TN/TP significantly decreased and increased with increasing latitude(or longitude),respectively.The enrichment of phosphorus may be an important reason for a high degree of eutrophication of southern lakes.Variations in N and P in lakes might be closely connected with nationwide widespread lake eutrophication.A significant decline in N/P values has been observed since the 1990s.There was a significant increase in phosphorus,but not significant in nitrogen(p=0.275),which led to a significant decline in TN/TP.So,to solve the problem of lake eutrophication in China lies in the effective control on the input of "phosphorus" element.