贵阳主要城区市售食用菌中重金属污染与健康风险评估

食用菌是一类绿色保健食品,但对重金属具有一定的富集能力。本文从贵阳市主城区农贸市场、大型超市分期采集了各类食用菌共计153份,分析检测了其中的As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Mn、Pb、Sb、Se、Tl和Zn等11种重金属元素含量。结果表明:本次样品中Cd元素超标频次最高,其次为As、Pb和Hg元素;重金属元素在干制品姬松茸和竹荪样品含量水平较高,竹荪样品中As、Cd和Hg的超标率为100%,Pb元素的超标率为17.0%,姬松茸样品中As、Cd、Hg和Pb四种元素超标率分别为92.8%、92.9%、92.8%和64.3%;平菇和杏鲍菇样品中多种元素的转移系数较高,而姬松茸则偏低;暴露-剂量模型评估表明各类样品的健康风险指数均小于1.0,表明没有明显的健康风险。这将为全省食用菌产业健康发展提供科学依据,也对贵阳地区人群膳食调控具有一定的指导意义。

Risk Assessment of Toxic Metals in Edible Mushrooms Collected from Urban Markets in Guiyang City

Edible mushrooms (EMs) are known as a kind of green and healthful food, but also been identified as one kind of food with the capacity of accumulating potential toxic elements (PTEs). However, more detailed knowledge on PTEs contents in EMs and their health risk is limited. In this work, a total of 153 samples were collected from urban markets in Guiyang City, and the contents of heavy metals were determined. The results indicated that cadmium was marked with the highest frequency of exceeding food standard. The content of heavy metals in Dictyophora indusiata and Agaricus blazei samples was much higher than that in other samples. Specially, the frequency of exceeding food standard was 100% by arsenic, cadmium and mercury, and 17% by lead in Dictyophora indusiata samples. In Agaricus blazei samples, the frequency of exceeding food standard was 92.8%, 92.9%, 92.8% and 64.3% respectively by arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead. Interestingly, no obvious trend for the transfer coefficients of heavy metals was observed between pileus and stipe in the samples, but the transfer coefficients in Pleurotus eryngii and Pleurotus ostreatus samples were higher than others, especially than Agaricus blazei samples. Furthermore, all the health risk indexes in the samples were lower than threshold value. Furthermore, no obvious trend for the transfer coefficients of heavy metals was observed between pileus and stipe in the samples. The findings may provide basic knowledge and guidelines for the sound development of edible mushroom in Guizhou Province and the diet habit for the local residents in Guiyang City.