微生物在生物煤层气形成中的作用及影响因素研究进展

在当今能源紧缺和环境污染严重的前提下,煤层气作为一类非常规天然气,越来越受到人们的重视。传统观点认为煤层甲烷多由高温热解产生,但是根据甲烷的同位素特征来判断,世界很多地方(包括我国鄂尔多斯、淮南等地)的煤层气多属生物成因或者生物和热成因混合。同时,越来越多的生物学证据也表明种类多样的产甲烷相关微生物广泛存在于煤层伴生地层水中或者煤层样品中。这也说明生物成因的煤层气仍然在不断地产生,这也为利用生物方法促进煤层气产生和利用提供了良好的契机。本文将介绍产甲烷微生物种群构成与功能、产气途径、影响产气速率的因素,探讨我国微生物强化产煤层气并实现产业化的应用前景。

Isotopic and Microbiological Charicterization of Secondary Biogenic Coalbed Methane

Natural gas from coal formations as a relatively clean unconventional fuel with lower emissions of environmental pollutants than coal and petroleum products has received more concern. As the main component of coalbed methane, CH₄ is originally thought to be thermogenic, but more envidence of isotopic composition for CH₄ and CO₂ and formation water has shown that biogenic methane is widespread in coalbeds and sediments. It is estimated that in nature biogenic methane accounts for 20%~65% of the total natural gas production. Due to the develepment of new molacular methods, the subsurface microibal ecosystem has been uncovered. Based on the simulation of microbial methane produciton in the lab, the generation and accumulation of CH₄ in coal seams have been greatly accelerated. However, this complex transformation process of coal to methane is not fully understood, so we need more research on the mechanism of initial degradation of solid coal and what factors control the methane production and producing rate.