辽宁省典型城市空气质量现状与污染原因分析

根据中国环保部大气环境公报数据显示,截至2013年,中国城市环境空气质量仍然不容乐观。为全面了解辽宁省环境空气质量变化及其影响因素,以沈阳、大连、鞍山、抚顺、锦州5个典型城市的颗粒物监测数据为基础进行分析,主要探讨TSP、PM10、PM2.5及臭氧8小时对城市大气污染的影响。结果表明,5城市TSP、PM10、PM2.5均超过国家环境空气质量二级浓度限值,分别超过0.14~0.44倍、0.57~0.91倍及0.96~1.53倍,臭氧8小时未超过。从季节变化来看,5城市TSP、PM10、PM2.5浓度大体上呈现冬、春季较夏、秋季高的趋势,臭氧8小时浓度值春、夏两季比秋、冬两季高。5个城市大气颗粒物中的Pb、Zn元素含量最高,金属元素主要富集在PM2.5中。除TSP、PM10、PM2.5对城市空气质量造成严重污染外,臭氧8小时浓度对于城市空气质量的影响将逐渐超过细颗粒物,可能成为污染城市空气质量的主要污染物。

Air Quality and Pollution Reasons for Typical Cities of Liaoning Province, China

According to atmospheric environment bulletin data released by the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China, the air quality in China''s urban areas was not optimistic by 2013. In order to fully understand the changes and factors of ambient air quality in Liaoning Province, China, the thesis focused on the impacts of TSP, PM₁₀, PM_2.5 and 8 hours of ozone of the cities'' air pollution based on the monitoring data of particulate matters in five typical cities of the province, Shenyang, Dalian, Anshan, Fushun, and Jinzhou City. Results show that, except 8 hours of ozone, concentrations of TSP, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 in the five cities all exceed the second level limit of national ambient air quality, respectively higher than 0.14-0.44 times, 0.57-0.91 times and 0.96-1.53 times. As toseasonal changes, TSP, PM₁₀, and PM_2.5 concentrations in winter and spring are generally higher than those in summer and autumn in the studied cities, and 8 hours of ozone concentrations in spring and summer are higher than those in autumn and winter. The Pb and Zn contentsare the highest two of the atmospheric particulate matters of the five cities, and the metal elements are enriched in PM_2.5. Though TSP, PM₁₀, and PM_2.5 are the major pollutants of urban air,the impact of 8 hours of ozone concentrations to urban air are also should not be neglected, and it may become a major pollutant instead of fine particulate matters.