1991～2016年黄河三角洲湿地变化的遥感监测

以1991、2000、2010和2016年的Landsat TM/OLI影像数据为基础，采用面向对象和目视解译的分类方法，提取了黄河三角洲湿地信息。同时，利用空间分析、动态度模型、非等间距序列灰色模型等分析方法，分析了湿地的时空变化特征，并结合相关文献资料讨论了湿地变化的驱动因素。结果表明，1991～2016年间，黄河三角洲湿地总面积逐渐减少，约91.39 km²。其中，以2000～2010年期间面积变化最为剧烈，自然湿地面积以30.21 km²/a的速度减少，而人工湿地以32.77 km²/a的速度增加。在各类型湿地中，草甸湿地面积减少最多，为312.83 km²；而人工湿地面积大幅增长，且以养殖池和盐田的增加最为迅速，增加了544.63 km²。从空间分布上来看，研究区人工湿地面积有逐渐向滨海区扩张的趋势。湿地养殖、农业开垦、工程修建等人类活动是导致黄河三角洲自然湿地减少的主要因素。

Remote Sensing Monitoring of Wetland Changes in the Yellow River Delta During 1991-2016

Based on the Landsat TM/OLI image data of 1991, 2000, 2010 and 2016, the classification method of object-oriented and visual interpretation was used to extract the wetland information of the Yellow River Delta. In addition, spatial analysis, dynamics model, non-equidistance grey model sequences and other methods were applied to analyze the temporal and spatial variation of wetlands. On the basis of related literatures, this study discussed the driving factors of wetland change. The results show that from 1991 to 2016, the total area of wetlands in the Yellow River Delta decreased gradually, with a decrease of approximately 91.39 km². Additionally, the area change during the period from 2000 to 2010 was most intense among the whole period. The area of natural wetlands decreased by 30.21 km²/a, while that of artificial wetlands increased by 32.77 km²/a. Among all wetland types, the area of meadow wetlands decreased, most severely, 312.83 km², while the area of artificial wetlands increased significantly, mainly as aquaculture ponds and salt fields, with a total newly increased area of 544.63 km². From the spatial distribution perspective, the area of artificial wetland in the study area has gradually expanded to the coastal area. Human activities such as wetland farming, agricultural reclamation, and engineering construction are the main factors leading to the reduction of natural wetlands in the Yellow River Delta.