2009~2018年贵阳市阿哈水库水质时空变化特征分析

为更好了解贵阳市饮用水源地阿哈水库的水质动态变化规律，对近10年来（2009～2018）库区及主要支流的水质、水文气象数据进行系统分析研究。结果表明：受水文气象及藻类生长的周期性影响，阿哈水库库区及支流水体的营养盐、透明度（SD）、叶绿素a （Chl.a）均呈季节性变化。阿哈水库水质以III类为主，库中水质（超标率为19.82%）优于库东（超标率为45.05%）。综合营养状态指数（TLI）分析表明，阿哈水库水体处于中营养至轻度富营养状态，近年来水质有所改善。入库支流水质优劣顺序为：游鱼河>白岩河>蔡冲河>金钟河，主要表现为总磷（TP）和氨氮（NH₃-N）超标。Pearson相关性分析表明，库区Chl.a和NH₃-N、高锰酸盐指数（COD_Mn）、气温、降雨量、日照时数等呈显著正相关，和SD、水位、气压呈显著负相关。主成分分析表明，藻类生长主要受控于水文气象因子。当前，加大金钟河等入库支流外源污染整治力度，是提升库区水质的关键。未来应加强水文、气象因子作用于藻类水华的过程机制研究，提升藻华应急处理能力。

Spatial-temporal Variation of Water Quality in Aha Reservoir of Guiyang City in Recent Ten Years (2009-2018)

In order to learn the dynamic changes of the water quality in Aha Reservoir, the water source of Guiyang City, the water quality monitoring data of the reservoir and its tributaries, hydrological and meteorological data, was analyzed. The results showed that the nutrients, SD and Chl.a in reservoir regions and its tributaries presented seasonal variations, due to the cyclical effect of hydrometeorology and phytoplankton growth. The water quality of the reservoir region mainly in Class III. The water quality in the central area is superior to that in the east area, as the over standard rate of water quality was 19.82% in the central area and 45.05% in the east area. The trophic level index(TLI) analysis indicated that the reservoir water is in the mesotrophic state to mild eutrophic state. TLI indexes showed an overall trend of fluctuating decline over the years, suggesting that the water quality has been improved. The water quality of the tributaries is in decreasing order of Youyu River > Baiyan River > Caichong River>Jinzhong River. TP and NH₃-N were proved as the main indexes exceeding the standard. Pearson correlation analysis showed that Chl.a presented a significant positive correlation to NH₃-N, COD_Mn, temperature, precipitation, and sunshine duration in this reservoir; and a significant negative correlation was shown between Chl.a and SD, water level, and atmospheric pressure. Principal component analysis showed that algal growth was mainly controlled by hydrometeorological factors. At present, the crucial measurement to improve water quality in the reservoir shall be a more powerful rectification against external pollution such as Jinzhong River. In the future, the research on the processes and mechanisms of algal blooms affected by hydrological and meteorological factors should be strengthened to enhance the ability to deal with algal blooms.