安阳市大型工业区和周围社区土壤中重金属污染特征及健康风险评价

为了解安阳市大型工业区和周围社区表层土壤中重金属元素的分布特征和健康风险，用ICP-OES测定了样品中9种重金属元素的含量。结果表明：Zn、Cu、Pb、Mn、As、Cd、Cr、Co和Ni在社区表层土壤中的平均浓度为71.0、25.6、43.2、548、118.4、0.71、59.5、18.8、24.5 mg/kg；在工业区的平均浓度为170.4、28.1、52.0、846、10.4、0.72、62.1、11.7、30.9 mg/kg，整体上安阳市工业区及周围社区表层土壤中重金属元素Cd污染较严重，工业区和社区Cd的浓度分别是土壤背景值的10.22和10.10倍。工业区土壤中重金属Cd为中度污染，Zn、Pb为无污染到中度污染；社区土壤中重金属As、Cd为中度污染到重污染，Co、Pb为无污染到中度污染。元素Zn、Pb、Cd和Cu高值出现在工业厂区内的西北侧，主要是受到了厂区内原料堆放的影响；As、Cr、Co和Ni的空间分布特征相近，高值区集中分布在工业区的东北方向，其主要是受研究区域主导风向和传输距离的影响。社区表层土壤中重金属对成人和儿童造成的非致癌风险值之和均大于1.0，存在非致癌风险；工业区表层土壤中重金属对儿童造成的非致癌风险值之和为7.05，存在非致癌风险。工业厂区及周围社区表层土壤中5种重金属元素对于儿童和成人造成的致癌风险值均在可接受水平（<1×10^-4）。

Pollution Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soil of Large Industrial Areas and Surrounding Communities in Anyang City

To understand the distribution characteristics and health risks of heavy metals in surface soils at the industrial areas and surrounding communities in Anyang City, the contents of nine kinds of heavy metals were determined by ICP-OES. The results showed that the average contentions of Zn, Cu, Pb, Mn, As, Cd, Cr, Co and Ni in the community topsoil were 71.0, 25.6, 43.2, 548, 118.4, 0.71, 59.5, 18.8 and 24.5 mg/kg, respectively; the average concentrations in industrial areas were 170.4, 28.1, 52.0, 846, 10.4, 0.72, 62.1, 11.7 and 30.9 mg/kg, respectively. On the whole, Cd is seriously polluted, and the concentration of Cd in industrial areas and communities was 10.22 and 10.10 times of the soil background value, respectively. Cd in the soil of industrial zone was moderately polluted, while Zn and Pb are non-polluted to moderately polluted. As and Cd in the community soil were moderately polluted to heavily polluted, while Co and Pb were unpolluted to moderately polluted. The high values of Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu were appeared in the northwest of the industrial plant, which was mainly affected by the stacking of raw materials in the plant. The spatial distribution characteristics of As, Cr, Co and Ni are similar, and the high value area was concentrated in the northeast of the industrial zone, which is mainly affected by the dominant wind direction and transmission distance in the study area. The sum of non-carcinogenic risk values caused by heavy metals in community topsoil to adults and children was greater than 1.0, indicating that there was a non-carcinogenic risk. The sum of the non-carcinogenic risk value of heavy metals in the surface soil of industrial zone to children was 7.05, indicating that there was a non-carcinogenic risk. The carcinogenic risks of the five heavy metals in the surface soils of industrial plants and surrounding communities for children and adults were all at acceptable levels (<1×10^-4).