大气降水中稳定同位素研究进展

酸雨是目前人类所面临的主要环境问题之一,中国已成为继欧洲和北美之后的世界第三大酸雨区。大气降水化学组成、物质来源及其贡献是酸沉降研究的重要内容,可以为酸雨成因、发展趋势和制定相应政策提供依据。大气降水同位素组成是解析和确定降水物质来源及其贡献的重要手段。大气中的二氧化硫和氮氧化合物是导致雨水酸化的两个主要组分,另外我国大气降水中还含有大量碱性离子可以中和雨水中的酸性物质。本文对硫、氮、锶同位素在大气降水中物质示踪方面的应用进行了总结,并提出了一些值得重视的研究方向。

Progress in Research on Stable Isotopes in Precipitation in China: A Review

At present, acid rain is one of the most serious environmental problems in the world. China has become the third largest heavy acid rain region in the world, behind Europe and North America. It is of great importance to study the chemical compositions, sources and their relative contribution of precipitation, which can provide scientific references for controlling the development trend of acid rain and formulating the corresponding policies. The isotopic composition is an effective method to identify the sources of substances in the precipitation. Acid deposition is resultant from SO₂ and NO_x emitted to the atmosphere. In addition, alkaline dust is another important component. Such alkaline dust can neutralize much of the acidity of the rain water. The application of S, N, and Sr isotope tracing sources of substances in precipitation is overviewed in this paper. Finally, future research is suggested.