中国地表水氟化物时空分布特征初步研究

氟是一种常见的化学物质,摄入过多或过少都会造成危害。以2020年国家地表水环境质量监测网监测数据进行分析,氟化物年均浓度介于0.016～4.448mg/L之间,满足地表水Ⅲ类水质标准(<1.0mg/L)断面数占97.7%。淮河流域地表水氟化物平均浓度为0.610mg/L,为各流域中最高;西南诸河地表水氟化物平均浓度为0.190mg/L,为各流域中最低。长江、珠江流域月度波动幅度较小,西北诸河、辽河流域月度波动幅度较大。影响地表水氟化物浓度水平的主要因素包括高氟地质背景、地下水流动补充、有利于氟富集的地形地貌和气候气象等自然条件,以及工农业污染和污染治理设施不完善等人为原因。

Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Fluoride in Surface Water of China

Fluorine is a common chemical, but excessive or too little intake will cause harm. Based on the monitoring data of the national surface water environmental quality monitoring network in 2020, the average annual concentration of fluoride is between 0.016 to 4.448 mg/L, and the number of sections meeting the class III water quality standard (<1.0 mg/L) of surface water accounts for 97.7%. The average concentration of fluoride in surface water of Huaihe River Basin is 0.610 mg/L, which is the highest among all basins. The average concentration of fluoride in surface water of Southwest rivers is 0.190 mg/L, which is the lowest among all basins. The monthly fluctuation range of the Yangtze River and Pearl River basins is small, and that of the northwest rivers and Liaohe river basins is large. The main factors affecting the fluoride concentration level of surface water include high fluorine geological background, groundwater flow supplement, landform, climate and meteorology conducive to fluorine enrichment, industrial and agricultural pollution and imperfect pollution facilities.