张家口地区水资源与环境问题研究现状

作为2022年冬奥会的主办地之一,张家口是一个水资源匮乏的地区,水资源的不合理开发利用导致该地区水资源短缺和水环境恶化等问题日益突出。本文对张家口地区水资源分布和开发利用现状、水资源承载力和脆弱性评价、地表水污染与风险评价和地下水环境质量的研究进展进行系统论述,并归纳总结了该地区水资源脆弱性、地表水以及地下水资源和环境质量方面所存在的问题。针对这些问题,建议在今后的研究中着重从以下几点入手:(1)面对气候变化和人类活动导致的水资源脆弱性问题,需要加强地表水和地下水资源(包括水量和水质)的联合评价;(2)采用定期监测的方法,加强水体关键水质指标如DO、COD、BOD、氮磷等时空分布特征及来源研究,确定水体及沉积物污染源和污染渠道;(3)开展宏观和微观机制综合研究,从时间和空间角度上确定地下水环境质量分布特征;(4)对于地下水中NO_3~--N和F浓度异常区,采用水化学特征和环境同位素技术,深入探讨水文地球化学特征及形成演化规律,结合地下水流系统识别NO_3~--N和F的污染来源、途径以及形成机理。本文为张家口地区水资源、水环境等综合管理与调控,全力保障2022年冬奥会期间的水资源和生态环境安全提供科学依据。

Research Status of Water Resources and Environmental Issues in Zhangjiakou Region

As the host of the 2022 Winter Olympics, Zhangjiakou is a region with severe water shortages. The irrational utilization of water resources further deteriorated the water environment and the water shortage. This paper systematically discusses the current status of water resources distribution and utilization, the water resources carrying capacity and vulnerability, the pollution and risk of surface water and the quality of groundwater environment in Zhangjiakou. Some lack of the research for water resources vulnerability, surface water and groundwater resources and environmental quality was summarized. In view of the above problems, the following points should be emphasized in the future research. (1) Joint assessment of surface and groundwater resources, including the water quantity and water quality aspects, should be strengthened with respect to the water resource vulnerability caused by the climate change and human activities. (2) The spatial and temporal distribution of key water quality parameters such as DO, COD, BOD, nitrogen and phosphorus should be studied to determine the pollution sources and pollution channels of water and sediment by means of periodic monitoring. (3) A comprehensive study of the macro- and micro-mechanisms of groundwater environmental quality should be carried out, and the spatial-temporal distribution of groundwater quality in this area need be determined. (4) For the anomalous NO₃^--N and F concentrations in Zhangjiakou area, the hydrogeochemistry, formation and evolution processes of groundwater should be deeply discussed combining with hydrochemical characteristics and environmental isotope techniques, and the pollution sources, routes and formation mechanism of NO₃^--N and F should be identified based on the groundwater flow system. This paper provides scientific basis for the comprehensive management and regulation of water resources and environment in Zhangjiakou region, and to ensure the safety of water resources and ecological environment during the 2022 Winter Olympics.