重庆市主城区交通干道空气污染特征分析

2002年2月对重庆市主城区6条交通干道空气中PM10、CO、NOx、THC进行了监测,分析了这些污染物的时空变化特征及其与车流量的关系。结果表明:六条主干道PM10、CO、NOx、THC的日平均浓度分别为0.30、5.34、0.307、12.84 mg／m3,按空气质量二级标准,超标率分别为95％、60％、74％和100％,最大超标倍数分别为4.97、1.94、8.5和6.05。除THC外,按照污染因子分担率评价,在九龙坡区、渝中区和江北区,首要污染物是PM10,在南岸区、沙坪坝区和大渡口区首要污染物是NOx。沙坪坝区CO和NOx污染最严重,九龙坡区PM10污染最严重。CO、NOx的日变化趋势大致相同,而且与车流量关系较为明显,随着车流量的增加CO、NOx的浓度逐渐增加,但PM10与车流量相关性不大,说明PM10浓度还受其它源的影响。

AIR POLLUTION CHARACTERISTICS ALONG THE HEAVY TRAFFIC ROADS IN CHONGQING

Based on the monitoring data of PM10, CO, NOx . THC obtained in Feb. 2002. the paper analyzed the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of these pollutants and their relations to traffic flow. It was shown that the average daily concentrations of PM10, CO, NOx and THC were 0. 30, 5. 34, 0. 307,12. 84 mg/m3, respectively. In terms of the second criterion of air quality, the exceeding rates were 95% , 60% , 74% and 100% , the greatest exceeding rates by factors of 4. 97, 1. 94, 8. 5 and 6. 05, respectively. In addition to THC, according to the contributions of pollution indices, at Jiulongpo, Yuzhong and Jiangbei districts, PM10 was the primary pollutant, but at the Nan'an, Shapingba and Dadukou sections, NOx was the primary pollutant: CO and NOx pollution was most serious in the Shapingba district, PM10 in the Jiulongpo district; the daily variation trend of average concentrations of CO and NOx was almost the same, and that the relation to vehicle flow was distinct, but the relation of PM10 to vehicle flow was not distinct. This indicated that other emission sources contributed a lot to the concentrations of PM10.