淮南矿区土地利用变化对区域景观格局的影响

以淮南矿区5期遥感影像图作为基本信息源,利用土地利用转移矩阵和景观格局指数分析了淮南矿区的土地利用变化及其对区域景观格局的影响。土地利用变化相关结果表明:1980 — 2015年淮南矿区及区域土地利用变化主要表现为耕地的减少,建设用地、水域的增加。矿区耕地面积减少117.6 km~2,其中46.7%的面积转换成建设用地,51.2%转换成塌陷水域,其所在区域(流域)耕地减少了274.4 km~2,有63.1%转换成建设用地,33.1%转换成水域。将矿区增加的塌陷水域面积还原作为无采矿活动的对照,分析采矿活动对区域景观格局的影响,结果表明:采矿活动使得区域景观多样性指数增加了0.07,矿区土地利用变化使得区域景观多样性增加、优势度减小,区域景观格局更加趋于多样、均衡。

Impact of land use change in Huainan coalmine area on regional landscape pattern

Background, aim, and scope Coal mining leaded to large land subsidence. Due to the groundwater level in the central and eastern plains of China is shallow, forming water areas in the mining areas and changing the regional ecological environment. The Panxie coalmine area we selected area was the main mining area in Huainan, facing significant change of land use and landscape pattern. This research would have addressed the impact of land use of mining areas on regional landscape patterns, to provide a certain theoretical basis for local social and economic sustainable development. Materials and methods The land use maps of five phase of the study area, covering 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2015 respectively, were selected to analyze the change of land use by using land transfer matrix. Then the change of landscape patterns was analyzed by calculating formula and significance of landscape index. Results The arable land, construction land and water area were the main land types in the study area, and the transition between the three was the closest. The cultivated land reduced in the region over the past 35 years, mainly converted into construction land and waters. The landscape superiority of the mining area decreased, the landscape diversity increased, resulting in more balance of the regional landscape pattern. Discussion The land use structure of Huainan mining area has undergone great changes in the past 35 years due to social and economic development, coal mining activity and population growth. As long with the continued mining activities, the area of subsided water area is becoming large with increased impact on regional landscape. Conclusions The change of land use mainly reflects in the reduction of arable land area, construction land, and the increase of water area, increased the regional landscape diversity and further reduced the dominance. The regional landscape pattern tended to be more diverse and balanced. Recommendations and perspectives While meeting the needs of social and economic development, the mining area needed to promote practical reclamation plans and comprehensive management plans to make rational use of subsided water bodies to minimize human interference with the environment, such as rational use of subsided water bodies, development of industry, agriculture, and fisheries. At the same time, we have to pay attention to the protection of water resources to keep the balance between their economic and environmental benefits.