河流库区沉积物-水界面营养盐及气态氮的释放过程和通量

以九龙江北溪西陂电站库区为例,于2013年不同季节开展原状泥柱静态培养、气态氮水柱剖面观测和通量模拟实验,结合水和沉积物理化参数和微生物参数,研究河流库区沉积物-水界面营养盐及气态氮的释放过程和通量.结果表明,库区沉积物NH+4和PO3-4总体表现为释放行为平均NH+4通量(480±675)mg·(m2·d)-1,平均PO3-4通量(4.56±0.54)mg·(m2·d)-1],而NO-3和NO-2表现为吸附行为.洪水季节带来大量的有机质沉积在库区,造成枯水期沉积物无机氮磷向上覆水体释放.湖泊区气态氮释放以N2为主(>98%),沉积物-水界面N2释放通量平均为(15.8±12.5)mg·(m2·d)-1.水柱N2净增量有明显的空间差异和垂向分布规律,受沉积物-水界面生地化过程(反硝化和厌氧氨氧化作用)和流动水团的综合影响.下游站位存在较强的硝化作用,N2O相对富集,主要受水中氨氮占无机氮的比例控制.

Sediment-water Flux and Processes of Nutrients and Gaseous Nitrogen Release in a China River Reservoir

The key processes and fluxes of nutrients (N and P) and gaseous N (N₂ and N₂O) across the sediment-water interface in a river reservoir (Xipi) of the Jiulong River watershed in southeast China were studied. Intact core sediment incubation of nutrients exchange, in-situ observation and lab incubation of excess dissolved N₂ and N₂O (products of nitrification, denitrification and Anammox), and determination of physiochemical and microbe parameters were carried out in 2013 for three representative sites along the lacustrine zone of the reservoir. Results showed that ammonium and phosphate were generally released from sediment to overlying water with averaged fluxes of N (479.8±675.4) mg ·(m² ·d)^-1 and P (4.56±0.54) mg ·(m² ·d)^-1], while nitrate and nitrite diffused into the sediment. Flood events in the wet season could introduce a large amount of particulate organic matter that would be trapped by the dam reservoir, resulting in the high release fluxes of ammonium and phosphate observed in the following low-flow season. No clear spatial variation of sediment nutrient release was found in the lacustrine zone of the reservoir. Gaseous N release was dominated by excess dissolved N₂(98% of total), and the N₂ flux from sediment was (15.8±12.5) mg ·(m² ·d)^-1. There was a longitudinal and vertical variation of excess dissolved N₂, reflecting the combined results of denitrification and Anammox occurring in anoxic sediment and fluvial transport. Nitrification mainly occurred in the lower lacustrine zone, and the enrichment of N₂O was likely regulated by the ratio of ammonium to DIN in water.