广州港船舶停泊工况排放因子实测及排放量初步估算

为获取大型船舶停泊工况下排放因子,选取在广州港停泊的3艘总吨位40×10~3t的大型货柜船为研究对象,登船采集其辅机尾气样品进行分析,并利用"碳平衡法"计算得到基于燃油消耗量的污染物排放因子.实测3艘大型货柜船CO_2排放因子分别为3 096、3 031和3 028 g·kg~(-1);NO_x排放因子分别为61.8、19.9和27.0 g·kg~(-1);CO排放因子分别为8.0、4.0和5.3 g·kg~(-1);SO_2排放因子分别为31.4、41.9和56.7 g·kg~(-1);PM_(2.5)排放因子分别为2.4、1.1和1.5 g·kg~(-1);VOCs排放因子分别为0.13、0.09和0.17 g·kg~(-1).结合广州港进出港船舶类型、船舶抵港次数、船舶停泊时间等调查数据,初步估算2014年广州港船舶停泊工况NO_x、CO、SO_2、PM_(2.5)和NH3的排放量分别为1 231、226、1 229、47.6和0.04 t,其中总吨位为10×10~3~50×10~3t的船舶对NO_x、CO、SO_2、PM_(2.5)和NH3的分担率最大,其次是总吨位50×10~3t的船舶;VOCs的排放量为33.6 t,总吨位3×10~3t的船舶分担率最大.

Emission Factors and Preliminary Emission Estimates of Air Pollutants from Ships at Berth in the Guangzhou Port

Three large container vessels over a tonnage of 40×10³ t at berth in the Guangzhou Port were selected for determination of air pollutants in exhausts from auxiliary engines to obtain fuel-based emission factors (EFs). The fuel-based EFs for vessels A, B, and C at berth were 3096, 3031, and 3028 g·kg^-1, respectively, for CO₂; 61.8, 19.9, and 27.0 g·kg^-1 for NO_x; 8.0, 4.0, and 5.3 g·kg^-1 for CO; 31.4, 41.9, and 56.7 g·kg^-1 for SO₂; 2.4, 1.1, and 1.5 g·kg^-1 for PM_2.5; and 0.13, 0.09, and 0.17 g·kg^-1 for VOCs. With the basic information about ship types, arrival times, and berthing times, the emissions of NO_x, CO, SO₂, PM_2.5, and NH₃ from a ship at berth in the Guangzhou Port in 2014 were roughly estimated to be 1231, 226, 1229, 47.6 and 0.04 t, respectively, with ships with a tonnage of 10×10³-50×10³ t sharing the largest burdens, followed by ships over a tonnage of 50×10³ t. Estimated emission of VOCs from ships at berth in the Guangzhou Port was about 33.6 t, with vessels below a tonnage of 3×10³ t contributing the most.