高碳氮负荷下同时脱氮除碳好氧颗粒污泥研究

在4 L反应器中,以补加葡萄糖和硫酸铵的猪场废水为基质,不接种活性污泥,加入粉末状活性炭对废水土著微生物进行预固定.通过批次进水并控制运行条件（逐渐提高COD、NH 4＋-N负荷、缩短沉降时间、提高曝气量）培养同时脱氮除碳好氧颗粒污泥,研究了该好氧颗粒污泥的脱氮除碳功能及对高碳氮负荷冲击的响应.结果表明,成熟好氧颗粒污泥为土黄色不规则球状,粒径为0.5～3.5 mm.COD和NH 4＋-N负荷分别在4.80～12.6 kg.（m3.d）-1和0.217～0.503 kg.（m3.d）-1时,好氧颗粒污泥对COD的去除率〉94%,对NH 4＋-N的去除率〉98%.当COD和NH 4＋-N负荷分别提高至15.70 kg.（m3.d）-1和0.723kg.（m3.d）-1并运行4 d后,反应器内絮体激增,颗粒沉降变差并开始破碎,NH 4＋-N去除率下降至81.6%.排出部分污泥并降低负荷继续运行,颗粒污泥的NH 4＋-N去除率可迅速恢复至98%以上.本研究培养的好氧颗粒污泥具有良好的同时脱氮除碳功能,可以耐受高COD和NH 4＋-N负荷的双重冲击.

Aerobic Granular Sludge for Simultaneous COD and Nitrogen Removal at High Carbon and Nitrogen Loading Rates

In a 4 L reactor, aerobic granular sludge was cultured with piggery wastewater with glucose and ammonium sulfate as the additional carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. No exotic activated sludge was inoculated, and activated carbon powder was used to immobilize the indigenous microorganisms of wastewater in the set-up period. The reaction was conducted under controlled conditions of progressively increasing COD and NH⁺₄-N loading rates, decreasing settlement time, and enhancing aeration. The resulted aerobic granular sludge was capable of simultaneous COD and nitrogen removal. The performance (COD and NH⁺₄-N removal efficiencies) and characteristics of aerobic granules at high loading rates were investigated. The mature aerobic granular sludge was brown-yellow, and took an irregular spherical shape with a diameter of 0.5-3.5 mm. Under the COD loading rates of 4.80-12.6 kg·(m³ ·d)^-1and NH⁺₄-N loading rates of 0.217-0.503 kg·(m³ ·d)^-1, the removal efficiencies of COD and NH⁺₄-N were greater than 94% and 98%, respectively. When the COD and NH⁺₄-N loading rates reached 15.7 kg·(m³ ·d)^-1and 0.723 kg·(m³ ·d)^-1, respectively, the floc sludge grew quickly, and the granules disaggregated. The removal efficiency of NH⁺₄-N decreased to 81.6% in four days. Yet the removal efficiency of NH⁺₄-N returned to higher than 98% when the sludge was partially removed and the loading rates were reduced. The aerobic granules cultured in this study exhibited excellent abilities of simultaneous COD and nitrogen removal, and resistance to simultaneous shock of high COD and NH⁺₄-N loading rates.