新型污染物卤代咔唑的环境行为及生态毒理效应

卤代咔唑(PHCs)是一类与多氯二苯并呋喃结构相类似的新型环境有机污染物.单种卤素取代的PHCs具有135个同系物.绝大多数PHCs不是人类合成化学品或工业品.虽然20世纪80年代即首次在环境中发现PHCs,但直到本世纪这类化合物才逐渐引起人们的关注.近年来,20余种PHCs在河流湖泊沉积物和土壤中被陆续检出.另外,PHCs具有类二噁英毒性、持久性和生物累积性.作为一类新型污染物,PHCs的环境行为研究目前相对较少.因此,了解PHCs的环境分布、来源和生态毒理效应对正确认识这类化合物的环境风险具有重要意义.本文综述了PHCs的环境分布、来源、分析方法和生态毒理效应,并对其未来的研究发展方向作了展望.

Environmental Behaviors and Ecotoxicology of the Emerging Contaminants Polyhalogenated Carbazoles

Polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCs), with a complex chemical structure similar to polychlorinated dibenzofurans, are a class of emerging environmental organic contaminants. There are 135 congeners for PHCs with a pure halogenation. Most of PHCs are not man-made products. Although PHCs in the environment were firstly discovered in the 1980s, these emerging halogenated compounds were not seriously considered until recent years. Recently, more than 20 PHCs have been detected in sediment and soil samples. In addition, studies have shown that PHCs exhibited dioxin-like toxicity and were persistent and bioaccumulative. Therefore, it is very important to understand the distribution, origins and ecotoxicology of PHCs for a better assessment of their environmental risks. To date, research on the environmental behaviors of PHCs is relatively limited and warrants further investigations. In this review, the environmental distribution, source, analytical methods and toxicity of PHCs were summarized and future research needs were outlined.