不同灌溉模式下水稻田径流污染试验研究

为探讨不同灌溉模式下水稻田的产流规律和污染状况,为水稻灌区的农田水管理提供科学依据,本研究在常州市金坛和溧阳两地的野外水稻田开展非点源污染源试验,分别采用深水淹灌和干湿交替节水灌溉模式.在水稻生长季内,通过安装水位计和雨量计采集田面水水位和降雨信息,针对两种灌溉模式采取不同的方法计算径流量和氮磷流失负荷.结果表明,深水淹灌模式下,27场次降雨下有5场产生出流,还有1次人工排水造成了非点源污染,该灌溉模式下水稻田TN输出系数为49.4 kg·hm~(-2),TP输出系数为1.0 kg·hm~(-2);干湿交替节水灌溉模式下,最大降雨量达到95.1 mm时仍未发生产流.水稻田产流受到水稻需水量和灌排措施的影响,与田面水水位、降雨量和最低田埂高度直接相关;相较于传统的淹灌模式,干湿交替节水灌溉模式能明显减低由于降雨或者人工排水造成的非点源污染.

Runoff Pollution Experiments of Paddy Fields Under Different Irrigation Patterns

To study runoff and non-point source pollution of paddy fields and to provide a scientific basis for agricultural water management of paddy fields, paddy plots in the Jintan City and the Liyang City were chosen for experiments on non-point source pollution, and flood irrigation and intermittent irrigation patterns were adopted in this research. The surface water level and rainfall were observed during the growing season of paddies, and the runoff amount from paddy plots and loads of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were calculated by different methods. The results showed that only five rain events of totally 27 rainfalls and one artificially drainage formed non-point source pollution from flood irrigated paddy plot, which resulted in a TN export coefficient of 49.4 kg ·hm^-2 and a TP export coefficient of 1.0 kg ·hm^-2. No any runoff event occurred from the paddy plot with intermittent irrigation even in the case of maximum rainfall of 95.1mm. Runoff from paddy fields was affected by water demands of paddies and irrigation or drainage management, which was directly correlated to surface water level, rainfall amount and the lowest ridge height of outlets. Compared with the flood irrigation, intermittent irrigation could significantly reduce non-point source pollution caused by rainfall or artificial drainage.