冠状病毒气溶胶传播及环境影响因素

当前，新型冠状病毒肺炎正在全球大范围流行，严重影响了人类健康和生产生活.目前已明确的新型冠状病毒的传播途径包括飞沫传播和接触传播，一些传播感染事件的研究间接证明新型冠状病毒可以通过空气传播，然而对于新型冠状病毒通过气溶胶传播机制的认识仍然不足，其对疾病传播的相对贡献等还在研究和论证中.本文分析了引起重症急性呼吸综合征、中东呼吸综合征和新型冠状病毒肺炎的不同冠状病毒通过气溶胶传播的研究结果，评述了病毒气溶胶的产生机制、病毒气溶胶的空气动力学特征、冠状病毒在气溶胶中的存活规律及环境因素的影响、以及冠状病毒在室内外环境气溶胶中的赋存和传播情况，探讨了当前对于明确新型冠状病毒的气溶胶传播研究的不足以及跨学科研究的展望.

Transmission of Coronavirus via Aerosols and Influence of Environmental Conditions on Its Transmission

The COVID-19 pandemic has endangered human health and production since 2019. As an emerging disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, its potential transmissibility via aerosols has caused heated debate. This work summarizes the current research findings on virus aerosol generation, aerodynamic properties, and environmental influencing factors on their survivability in order to elucidate coronavirus transmission via aerosols. The occurrence and distinction of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, and MERS-CoV in real atmospheric environments are summarized. The deficiencies of existing research and directions for necessary future research on confirming the airborne transmission mechanism of coronavirus as well as the need for multidisciplinary research are discussed.