大冶湖表层沉积物-水中多环芳烃的分布、来源及风险评价

于2015年8月采集大冶湖表层沉积物8个及上覆水样8个,使用GC-MS分析16种EPA优控PAHs.结果表明在表层沉积物及水体中ΣPAHs范围分别为:35.94~2 032.73 ng·g-1和27.94~242.95 ng·L~(-1),平均值分别为940.61 ng·g-1和107.77 ng·L~(-1);表层沉积物中PAHs分布呈现湖中高于岸边趋势,水体则呈大致相反趋势,表层沉积物中以4~5环高环化合物为主要组分,在水体中主要以2环以及4环和5环PAHs为主,与国内外其他湖泊相比处于中度污染水平;来源解析表明大冶湖表层沉积物及水体中多环芳烃主要来自于高温燃烧源,沉积物中PAHs高环分子都占据绝大部分,反映出了沉积物受矿冶冶炼长期累积污染的效应;所检测沉积物中各单体PAH及ΣPAHs含量均未超过ERM以及FEL,表明大冶湖表层沉积物中PAHs无潜在生态风险;终生致癌风险评价表明大冶湖水体中PAHs通过摄入和皮肤接触风险都处于USEPA推荐的可接受水平范围之内,但都高于瑞典环保局和英国皇家协会推荐的最大可接受风险水平,需要对7种致癌PAHs污染加以防治.

Distribution, Sources and Risk Assessment of the PAHs in the Surface Sediments and Water from the Daye Lake

8 surface sediments and 8 water samples were collected from the Daye Lake in August 2015.The 16 kinds of EPA control polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed by GC-MS.The results showed that the PAHs concentrations of surface sediments and water ranged from 35.94 ng·g^-1 to 2032.73 ng·g^-1 and from 27.94 ng·L^-1 to 242.95 ng·L^-1,with average contents of 940.61 ng·g^-1 and 107.77ng·L^-1,respectively.The distribution of PAHs in surface sediments indicated that the contents in the center samples were higher than those in the bank samples,but the water showed nearly the opposite tendency.The 4-5 rings high molecular weight PAHs were the main components in the surface sediments,and the 2,4 and 5 rings PAHs were given priority in water.Compared with the other domestic and oversea lakes,the PAHs pollution of the Daye Lake was at a moderate level.Source apportionment showed that the PAHs in surface sediments and water from the Daye Lake came from the combustion source,HWM-PAHs were the dominant part of the PAHs in the sediment,reflecting the sediment PAHs pollution under the effects of mining and smelting over a long period;All monomer PAHs and total PAHs content in sediment did not exceed the ERM and FEL limiting values,showing that there was no particularly serious ecological risk caused by PAHs in the surface sediments from the Daye Lake;the incremental lifetime cancer risks assessment showed that the uptake risk of PAHs in Daye Lake water through the ingestion and dermal absorption were both in the acceptable range recommended by the USEPA,but all sites had higher risk than the acceptable risk level recommended by the Sweden environmental protection agency and Royal society.The pollution of seven carcinogenic PAHs needs prevention and control.