钙镁磷肥对石灰、海泡石组配修复镉污染稻田土壤的影响

改良剂组配(例如羟基磷灰石和沸石)可有效降低土壤中重金属的生物有效性,抑制水稻对重金属的积累,从而提高农产品的安全水平.本文通过田间试验,研究钙镁磷肥施用对石灰、海泡石组配降低稻田土壤有效态Cd含量、水稻各部分中Cd含量的影响.结果表明,施用钙镁磷肥可显著促进石灰、海泡石组配的钝化修复效果.与石灰、海泡石组配处理相比,施用钙镁磷肥,土壤中有效态Cd含量和糙米中Cd含量显著降低,在施用2 250 kg·hm~(-2)钙镁磷肥的条件下,土壤中Cd~(2+)发生沉淀或络合反应生成难溶性磷酸镉而降低土壤酸可提取态、可还原态和可氧化态Cd的占比,土壤中有效态Cd含量显著(P0.05)降低46.97%,糙米中Cd含量降低至0.04 mg·kg~(-1),低于《食品安全国家标准》(GB 2762-2017)中糙米镉限量(0.2 mg·kg~(-1))标准,且糙米产量增加28.34%.相关性分析结果表明,水稻根、茎叶和糙米中Cd含量与土壤中有效态Cd含量,水稻糙米中Cd含量与根和茎叶中Cd含量呈极显著正相关关系(P0.01),土壤有效态Cd含量是影响水稻糙米中Cd含量的关键性因素,钙镁磷肥可提高石灰与海泡石对土壤中有效态Cd降低效果来减少水稻根和茎叶对Cd的吸收,进而降低糙米中Cd含量.上述结果表明,施用钙镁磷肥提高了石灰、海泡石组配降低糙米中Cd含量的效果,可实现Cd污染稻田水稻安全生产和增产.

Effect of Calcium Magnesium Phosphate on Remediation Paddy Soil Contaminated with Cadmium Using Lime and Sepiolite

The combined application of amendments, such as hydroxyhistidine and zeolite, can effectively reduce both the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil and the bioaccumulation of heavy metals by rice, thus improving the safety of agricultural products. In this work, the effect of calcium magnesium phosphorus fertilizer on the content of available Cd in paddy soil and Cd accumulation in various parts of rice by lime combined with sepiolite was studied using a plot experiment. The results show that calcium magnesium phosphorus fertilizer can significantly promote the remediation effect of lime combined with sepiolite. Compared with the treatment with lime combined with sepiolite, the application of calcium magnesium phosphorus fertilizer significantly decreases the available Cd content in the soil and the Cd accumulation in the brown rice. With calcium magnesium phosphorus fertilizer of 2250 kg·hm^-2, Cd²⁺ in soil formed less soluble cadmium phosphate, the content of extractable, reducible and oxidizable Cd was reduced, and the percentage of available Cd content in the soil was significantly (P<0.05) reduced by 46.97%. Meanwhile, the Cd content in brown rice was decreased to 0.04 mg·kg^-1, which is far lower than the level required by the National Standard for Food Safety (GB 2762-2017) (0.2 mg·kg^-1). In addition, the production of brown rice was increased by 28.34%. Correlation analysis shows that the Cd content in rice roots, straw, and brown rice was positively correlated with the available Cd content in soil (P<0.01), and between the Cd content in brown rice and in roots and straw (P<0.01). In general, the results indicate that the available Cd content in soil was the key factor affecting the Cd content in brown rice. The application of calcium magnesium phosphorus fertilizer can improve the amendment of lime combined with sepiolite for available Cd in soil and reduce the Cd absorption of rice roots and straw so that the Cd content in brown rice is reduced. The results show that the application of calcium magnesium phosphorus fertilizer enhances the effect of reducing the Cd content in brown rice by lime combined with sepiolite. Finally, it can both meet the safety requirements of brown rice quality and increase the yield of brown rice in Cd-contaminated paddy soil.