长春市郊区蔬菜有机磷农药残留与健康风险评价

为了明晰长春市郊区蔬菜有机磷农药残留现况,原位采集7种214个蔬菜样品,采用气相色谱法(GC-FPD)对11种有机磷农药进行分析测定,并采用目标危险系数(THQ)法等对其风险进行了预测研究.结果表明,样品可食用部分有机磷农药含量超过与低于最大残留限量(MRL)的比率分别为23.4%和68.7%,仅7.9%样品未检出有机磷农药.有机磷农药检出率顺序依次为:二嗪农(82.2%)甲拌磷(45.8%)乐果(29.4%)甲基对硫磷(27.6%)氧化乐果(23.8%)敌敌畏(22.9%)杀螟硫磷(21%)倍硫磷(18.7%)对硫磷(18.2%)甲胺磷(17.3%)马拉硫磷(12.1%).叶菜类蔬菜有机磷超标率高于根茎类和茄果类蔬菜.不同种类蔬菜有机磷农药超标率顺序依次为:葱(82.5%)萝卜(37.5%)辣椒(17.2%)白菜(14.3%)黄瓜(3.2%)茄子(2.9%)西红柿(0%).49.5%蔬菜中检测到1种以上有机磷农药.目标平均危险系数(ave THQ)均小于1,ave HI为0.462.因此,从蔬菜有机磷农药平均含量看,目前蔬菜中的有机磷农药不会对市民造成明显的健康风险.

Contamination of Organophosphorus Pesticides Residue in Fresh Vegetables and Related Health Risk Assessment in Changchun, China

This study aims to investigate the concentrations of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) in fresh vegetables. A total of 214 samples from seven types of vegetables were collected from the suburb in Changchun City. The OPs were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with flame photometric detector (GC-FPD). Target hazard quotients (THQ) were applied to estimate the potential health risk to inhabitants. Results showed that OPs concentrations exceeded the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) in more than 23.4% samples, and were not detected in only 7.9% samples. Detection rates of OPs was as follow in the decreased order: diazinon (82.2%) >phorate (45.8%) >dimethoate (29.4%) >parathion-methyl (27.6%) >omethoate (23.8%) >dichlorvos (22.9%) >fenitrothion (21%) >fenthion (18.7%) >parathion (18.2%) >methamidophos (17.3%) >malathion (12.1%). The percentages above MRL for leaves were higher than for non-leafy vegetables. The order of percentages of OPs above MRL was as follows: green onion (82.5%) >radish (37.5%) >red pepper (17.2%) >Chinese vegetable (14.3%) >cucumber (3.2%) >eggplant (2.9%) >tomato (0%). 49.5% vegetables samples showed more than one OP. The average target hazard quotients (ave THQ) were all less than one and the average Hazard Index (ave HI) was 0.462, so that inhabitants who expose average OP levels may not experience adverse health effects.