河北洨河溶解性有机物光谱学特性

基于荧光光谱、紫外吸收光谱与水质基本化学指标,联合主成分分析与相关性分析,对典型城市纳污河流——河北洨河的溶解性有机物(DOM)进行光谱学特性研究.结果表明,河流水体中DOM主要有类蛋白和类腐殖质两类,其中含氮化合物及DOM与水体COD之间相关性较高,尤其以氨氮对类腐殖质贡献较大.因此降低洨河水体中COD可通过减少氨氮与DOM来实现,同时此两类指标也应作为日后水体监控指标.干流水体样品中DOM下游相对上游类蛋白逐渐减少,而类腐殖质则呈现增加的趋势,并以类胡敏酸为主要存在形式.代表支流4种样品中,S1、S2水体DOM主要以类胡敏酸为重要成分,其组成有机物多为大分子量、芳香性高的有机物质,而S3、S6水体中主要为相对易降解的类蛋白,其相对分子质量相对较小、芳香性程度较低.针对代表支流的4个污水处理单位出水水体中的DOM特征,建议S1与S2应添加或改进对大分子物质有较好去除效果的膜处理设备,以加强对水体中相对难降解类腐殖质物质的去除;S3与S6应优化相关厌氧与好氧生物处理工艺,从而提高易降解的类蛋白物质的去除能力.

Spectral Characteristic of Dissolved Organic Matter in Xiaohe River, Hebei

The spectral characteristic of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in Xiaohe River, Hebei, was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, and basic chemical water quality indicators. The data was then statistical analyzed using principal component analysis and correlation analysis method. The result based on 3D excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy showed that DOM in Xiaohe River contained both protein-like and humus-like components. DOM and N-containing compounds were obviously correlated with COD, especially between NH₄⁺-N and humic-like component, indicating that COD of water in Xiaohe River can be reduced by removing NH₄⁺-N and DOM, which could be good indicators for monitoring water quality in the future. The relative content of protein-like component reduces gradually along the downstream, while that of humic-like component showed an increasing trend. DOM in samples S1 and S2 was mainly consisted of humic-like components with larger molecular weight and higher aromaticity, while that in samples S3 and S6 was mainly consisted of protein-like components with smaller molecular weight, lower aromaticity, which are easier to be degraded. Therefore, in order to enhance the remove of refractory humic-like substances, sewage treatment plants of S1 and S2 or improved membrane treatment equipment with better removal effect of macromolecules should be provide. On the other hand, the anaerobic and aerobic biological treatment processes should be optimized in S3 and S6, so as to better remove these degradable protein-like substances.