植物套种及化学强化对重金属污染土壤的持续修复效果研究

为了研究植物套种和螯合剂施用对重金属污染土壤的长期修复效果以及对地下水可能的环境风险,采集广东省乐昌市铅锌矿开采造成的重金属污染土壤,通过渗滤池(0.9 m×0.9 m×0.9 m)进行了7次植物种植试验(约2.5 a),共设置了单种超富集植物东南景天(Sedum alfredii)、单种低累积玉米(Zea mays,cv.Yunshi-5)、东南景天和玉米套种、以及套种+MC(混合螯合剂,柠檬酸∶味精废液∶EDTA∶KCl摩尔比=10∶1∶2∶3,5 mmol·kg-1)4个处理,连续监测植物、土壤和渗滤液的重金属含量变化.结果表明,东南景天和玉米套种只适合在春夏季进行,套种显著提高植物对Zn和Cd的提取效率;在秋冬季,套种或混合螯合剂均影响东南景天生长,降低了东南景天对Zn和Cd的提取;总体上单种东南景天处理对污染土壤的Zn和Cd的总提取量最大.然而,土壤Zn、Cd和Pb含量降低幅度最大的为套种+MC处理,与初始值相比降低幅度分别为28%、50%和22%,该处理土壤重金属含量的降低,主要归于混合螯合剂作用下重金属向下层土壤迁移.渗滤水监测结果表明,在试验期内,施加混合螯合剂提高渗滤水重金属浓度,但未明显超过地下水Ⅲ级标准.

Continuous Remediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil by Co-Cropping System Enhanced with Chelator

In order to elucidate the continuous effectiveness of co-cropping system coupling with chelator enhancement in remediating heavy metal contaminated soils and its environmental risk towards underground water, soil lysimeter (0.9 m×0.9 m×0.9 m) experiments were conducted using a paddy soil affected by Pb and Zn mining in Lechang district of Guangdong Province, 7 successive crops were conducted for about 2.5 years. The treatments included mono-crop of Sedum alfredii Hance (Zn and Cd hyperaccumulator), mono-crop of corn (Zea mays, cv. Yunshi-5, a low-accumulating cultivar), co-crop of S. alfredii and corn, and co-crop+MC (Mixture of Chelators, comprised of citric acid, monosodium glutamate waste liquid, EDTA and KCl with molar ratio of 10:1:2:3 at the concentration of 5 mmol·kg^-1 soil). The changes of heavy metal concentrations in plants, soil and underground water were monitored. Results showed that the co-cropping system was suitable only in spring-summer seasons and significantly increased Zn and Cd phytoextraction. In autumn-winter seasons, the growth of S. alfredii and its phytoextraction of Zn and Cd were reduced by co-cropping and MC application. In total, the mono-crops of S. alfredii recorded a highest phytoextraction of Zn and Cd. However, the greatest reduction of soil Zn, Cd and Pb was observed with the co-crop +MC treatment, the reduction rates were 28%, 50%, and 22%, respectively, relative to the initial soil metal content. The reduction of this treatment was mainly attributed to the downwards leaching of metals to the subsoil caused by MC application. The continuous monitoring of leachates during 2.5 year's experiment also revealed that the addition of MC increased heavy metal concentrations in the leaching water, but they did not significantly exceed the III grade limits of the underground water standard of China.