上层曝气式生物反应器填埋工艺特性的研究

通过实验室模拟填埋柱,将厌氧生物反应器与上层曝气式生物反应器进行对比研究,以探究好氧预处理-厌氧运行方式下生物反应器内固体垃圾、渗滤液性质以及填埋气回收率的变化特征.结果表明,厌氧生物反应器A1受酸抑制影响,实验过程中几乎无甲烷气体产生,垃圾层沉降高度5.4 cm,且主要归结于垃圾自身重力下的压实作用,渗滤液COD、VFA浓度高达70 000 mg·L-1和30000 mg·L-1,尚未出现降低趋势.好氧预处理则有效缓解了填埋柱内酸抑制现象,垃圾降解速度明显加快,产甲烷环境于曝气60 d内建立.至反应器运行结束,垃圾层沉降高度11.5 cm,渗滤液COD、VFA浓度分别降低至14000mg·L-1和8900 mg·L-1,甲烷累积产量61976 mL,回收利用率高达95%以上.然而,上层曝气式生物反应器操作模式相对比较复杂,其反应器运行效果还受到回灌操作和曝气条件等多方面因素的影响和制约.因此,需调节渗滤液回灌操作与曝气条件以实现反应器的高效运行.

Technological Characteristics of Bioreactor Landfill with Aeration in the Upper Layer

In order to study the effects of upper-layer aerobic pretreatment in bioreactors on refuse degradation, leachate condition and methane production, two simulated columns were constructed, including traditional anaerobic bioreactor A1 and hybrid bioreactor C1 with aeration pretreatment in the upper layer. Results indicated that A1 was seriously inhibited by the accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFA) with nearly no methane production and slower settlements. At the end of operations, refuse in A1 only deposited 5.4 cm which was less than half of that in C1. And up to 70000 mg·L^-1 COD and 30000 mg·L^-1 VFA could be monitored in the leachate. On the contrary, aerobic pretreatment effectively improved the removal of high VFA concentrations and remarkably accelerated the degradation rate. In bioreactor C1, COD and VFA concentrations were reduced to less than 14000 mg·L^-1 and 8900 mg·L^-1 at the end of the experiment, respectively. And about 61976 mL methane gases were produced since aeration ceased on day 60 with its methane recovery efficiency rising to over 95%. However, the performance of hybrid bioreactors was still closely related to its operation conditions, such as aeration supply and leachate recirculation. Therefore, in order to guarantee better performance, appropriate aeration and leachate operations need to be provided.