中国商品能源消耗导致的氮氧化物排放量

能源消耗导致的NO_x排放是影响环境空气质量及区域酸沉降的重要因素.根据全国及各省区商品能源消耗与不同经济部门、不同燃料类型NO_x排放因子,估算了90年代中国NO_x排放量,详细给出了1997年分省、分地区、分行业及分燃料排放清单,并绘出了NO_x平均排放强度分布图.结果表明,中国NO_x排放量由1990年8.4Mt快速增长到1996年的12.0Mt.但与1996年NO_x排放峰值相比,1997和1998年中国NO_x排放量分别下降了约0.34Mt和0.82Mt.中国NO_x排放的燃料、行业及地区分布极不平衡:大约3/4的NO_x排放源自煤的燃烧;行业分布上,NOx则主要来自于工业(39.56%)、电力(36.74%)和交通运输(11.22%);各省区NO_x排放差别很大,河北、江苏、辽宁、山东、广东、山西、黑龙江、湖北和河南9省超过0.5Mt,而青海、宁夏和海南3省区小于0.1Mt.NO_x平均排放强度最大的地区(＞10t·(km²·a)^-1)包括上海、天津和北京市.总体来说,中国NO_x排和污染主要集中在人口密集、经济相对发达的东中部和东南部地区,尤其是北京、上海、天津等大城市.

Nitrogen Oxides Emissions Arising from Commercial Energy Consumption in China

According to national and provincial energy consumption and specific NO_x emission factors for different sectors and fuel types, NO_x emissions resulted from commercial energy consumption in China in 1990's were presented. Specially, NO_x emission inventories by provinces, sectors and fuel types in 1997 were developed and discussed. Total NO_x emissions increased from 8.4Mt in 1990 to 12.0Mt in 1996. However, compared with the peak value in 1996, NO_x emissions in 1997 and 1998 decreased by an amount of 0.34 and 0.82Mt respectively. It can be seen remarkable imbalance of NO_x emissions by fuel types, economic sectors and provinces: 3/4 of the totals came from coal burning; sectoral emissions were dominated by industry (39.56%), power (36.74%) and transportation (11.22%); NO_x emissions in Hebei, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Shandong, Shanxi, Guangdong, Henan ,Heilongjiang and Hubei province exceeded 0.5Mt, while those in Qinghai, Ningxia and Hainan were lower than 0.1Mt. Regions with highest NO_x emission intensities (>10t·(km²·a)^-1) were Shanghai, Tianjin and Beijing municipality. In sum, NO_x emissions and pollution mainly concentrated in the populated and industrialized areas of China: the Eastern Central and Southeastern provinces.