典型抗生素类药物在城市污水处理厂中的含量水平及其行为特征

采用固相萃取、液相色谱/串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）法研究了8种常用抗生素（包括喹诺酮类、磺胺类、大环内酯类和氯霉素）在城市污水处理厂中的含量水平、去除特点及其行为特征.结果显示,药物的检出率和含量水平均高于美国及欧洲等国家.氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星、红霉素（脱水）、罗红霉素和磺胺甲唑5种抗生素在4家污水厂(香港2家,广州2家)中都有检出,进水和出水中的含量范围分别在16～1 987 ng·L^-1和16～2 054 ng·L^-1之间.其它3种抗生素仅在某些污水厂中有检出.抗生素在污水处理厂中不能被完全去除,最高去除率为81％.5种高检出率药物在污水厂中每日的环境排放量（包括污水和污泥中含量）在0.5～828 g·d^-1之间.计算结果表明,广州和香港地区的每人日消费量有较大差异,广州地区要明显高于香港地区,特别是大环内酯类药物.

Occurrence, distribution and fate of antibiotics in sewage treatment plants

Occurrence and distribution of eight selected antibiotics were screened at four sewage treatment plants (STPs). Individual concentrations in raw influent and final effluent from the four STPs ranged from 16 to 1 987 ng·L^-1 and from 16 to 2 054 ng·L^-1, respectively. The other analytes were only detected in a few samples with lower concentrations. Antibiotics can not be removed completely at the four STPs with the highest removal efficiency reaching to 81%. Remarkable differences of the daily environmental loads (the sum of the amount in the final effluent and sludge) of the five most frequently detected compounds at the four STPs were found with mass data ranging from 0.5 to 828 g. The daily consumption per person in the charged area of selected STPs showed that more compounds, especially the erythromycin-H₂O, were consumed each day in Guangzhou than in Hong Kong.