北京市地下水有机氯和有机磷农药健康风险评价

地下水有机氯(OCPs)和有机磷(OPPs)农药污染是水资源保护的重点问题.应用固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术测定北京市18个地下水样品内16种有机氯和6种有机磷农药的含量.北京市地下水检出7种OPCs和2种OPPs.OCPs以六氯苯、六六六和滴滴涕为主,峰值分别为82.4、193和158 ng·L~(-1).OPPs检出敌敌畏和乐果,峰值分别为7.1 ng·L~(-1)和17.7ng·L~(-1).OCPs和OPPs检出点位多分布于污灌区.不确定性评价显示北京市人群经饮水途径摄入OCPs和OPPs非致癌和致癌风险均在可控范围内,其中OCPs非致癌和致癌风险均较高,女性为较敏感受体.对地下水中六六六和滴滴涕的监测应引起重视.

Health Risk Evaluation of Organochlorine and Organophosphorous Pesticides in Groundwater in Beijing

Pollution from organochlorine (OCP) and organophosphorus (OPP) pesticides in groundwater is a key issue for water resource protection. Sixteen kinds of OCP and six kinds of OPP pesticides were detected in 18 groundwater samples determined by GC-MS. Results showed that seven kinds of OPCs and two kinds of OPPs were found in the groundwater in Beijing. Among the OCPs, there were mainly hexachlorobenzene (HCB), hemochromatosis (HCH), and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), with maximum values of, respectively, 82.4, 193, and 158 ng·L^-1. Among the OPPs, there were o, o-dimethyl-o-2,2-dichlorovinylphosphate and o,o-dimethyl methylcarbamoylmethyl phosphorodithioate, with maximum values of 7.1 ng·L^-1 and 17.7 ng·L^-1, respectively. The OCPs and OPPs were found in the sewage irrigation areas. The results of a probabilistic risk assessment showed that the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of OCPs and OPPs within the drinking water in Beijing had been controlled, that risks from OCPs were higher, and that women were more sensitive to the toxicity of the pesticides. The monitoring of HCH and DDT in the groundwater should be implemented.