白洋淀清淤示范区沉积物中抗生素和多环芳烃的分布特征与风险评估

利用高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法（HPLC-MS/MS）以及气相质谱法（GC/MS），以白洋淀典型区域（鱼塘、开阔水域）的清淤区和未清淤区作为采样点，探究清淤前后沉积物样品中22种抗生素和16种多环芳烃的分布特征，并评价其风险.结果表明，白洋淀沉积物中22种抗生素的含量范围为0~52.89 ng ·g^-1，其中喹诺酮类抗生素含量最高.南刘庄开阔水域的抗生素平均含量为46.25 ng ·g^-1，远高于采蒲台开阔水域的19.07 ng ·g^-1.南刘庄清淤后抗生素的平均含量为9 ng ·g^-1，比清淤前降低了80.54%，清淤效果明显，而采蒲台区域清淤前后沉积物中抗生素的含量没有明显差别.16种多环芳烃（PAHs）的总量范围在23.79~329.40 ng ·g^-1，其中萘的含量最高可达242.02 ng ·g^-1，荧蒽的含量最低；南刘庄区域开阔水域沉积物中PAHs的平均含量为117.45 ng ·g^-1，高于采蒲台区域的57.98 ng ·g^-1，南刘庄开阔水域清淤后PAHs的平均含量为50.49 ng ·g^-1，减少了57.01%.生态风险评估表明，南刘庄开阔水域S2区域的恩诺沙星和诺氟沙星为高风险，说明白洋淀未清淤区域沉积物中的喹诺酮类抗生素风险不容忽视；而多环芳烃的生态风险较低，仅府河S1区域的萘处于中风险，其它均为低风险.

Distribution Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Antibiotics and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Sediments of Desilting Demonstration Area in Baiyangdian Lake

A total of 22 antibiotics and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in sediments before and after desilting in typical areas(fish ponds and open water) of Baiyangdian Lake were analyzed using HPLC-MS/MS and GC/MS(high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry), to evaluate their potentially risks to the ecological environment. The results showed that the contents of 22 antibiotics in Baiyangdian Lake sediments ranged from 0 to 52.89 ng·g^-1, in which the quinolones content was the highest. After dredging treatment, the average content of antibiotics in Nanliuzhuang open water area decreased from 46.25 ng·g^-1 to 9 ng·g^-1(80.54% reduction), while the average content of antibiotic(19.07 ng·g^-1) in Caiputai remained relatively stable. Therefore, the dredging treatment performed better in removing antibiotics from Naliuzhuang area. The total contents of 16 PAHs in sediments ranged from 23.79 ng·g^-1 to 329.40 ng·g^-1, in which Naphthalene was the highest(242.02 ng·g^-1), while Fluoranthene was the lowest. The average content of PAHs in sediments in Nanliuzhuang decreased from 117.45 ng·g^-1 to 50.49 ng·g^-1 after dredging, while PAHs in Caiputai(57.98 ng·g^-1) remained stable; the 57.01% reduction in PAHs in Nanliuzhuang open water indicated that dredging treatment exhibited stronger effects on PAHs variations in Nanliuzhuang compared to that of Caiputai. In addition, the ecological risk assessment showed that the risk of Enrofloxacin and Norfloxacin was high in area S2 of Nanliuzhuang open water, while PAHs exhibited relatively low ecological risk, in which the Naphthalene in area S1 of Fuhe river posed medium ecological risk while the remaining produced low ecological risks. The results indicated that quinolone antibiotics in sediments of the un-dredged area of Baiyangdian Lake should be monitored due to its higher ecological risk.