纳米膜覆盖对畜禽粪便好氧堆肥进程及恶臭气体排放的影响

好氧堆肥是处理畜禽粪便的重要途径，但传统堆肥存在效率低和恶臭气体污染严重等问题.为了加快畜禽粪便堆肥进程，减少恶臭气体排放，探究了覆盖纳米膜对提升畜禽粪便堆肥效率的作用机制.设置槽式好氧堆肥发酵实验，通过堆肥过程中堆体物料的理化性质，酶活性和排放的恶臭气体来评估纳米膜对畜禽粪便堆肥效果的影响.结果表明，覆盖纳米膜能够加快升温，降低堆体物料的pH、有机质（OM）和氨氮（NH₄⁺-N），提高电导率（EC），增强脲酶、蛋白酶、纤维素酶、木聚糖酶和过氧化物酶的活性，并且NH₃、H₂S和TVOC的总累积排放量分别减少了58%、100%和61%.相关性分析显示，大多数酶活性易受温度（T）、EC、OM和C/N的影响.在一定范围内，NH₃的排放速率与T呈极显著正相关，与pH呈极显著负相关，TVOC的排放速率与多种理化性质显著相关.覆盖纳米膜能够加快堆体腐熟，减少恶臭气体的排放，是一种无害化、低排放的技术手段，能够有效解决畜禽粪便堆肥发酵带来的污染物排放难题，促进养殖业的绿色可持续发展，为推动生物质废弃物的资源化利用提供技术支撑.

Effects of Nano-membrane on Aerobic Composting Process and Odor Emission of Livestock Manure

Aerobic composting is an important approach to treat livestock manure; however, traditional composting has some problems, such as low efficiency, or odorous pollution. In order to speed up the composting process and reduce malodorous gas emissions, this study explored the mechanism of nano-membrane for improving the efficiency of livestock manure composting. A trough aerobic composting experiment was set up to evaluate the physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, and emission of odorous gases. The results showed that covering with nano-membrane could accelerate the temperature rise; reduce the pH, organic matter(OM), and ammonia nitrogen(NH₄⁺-N); increase electrical conductivity(EC); enhance the activities of urease, protease, cellulase, xylanase, and peroxidase; while the total cumulative emissions of NH₃, H₂S, and TVOC were reduced by 58%, 100%, and 61%, respectively. The correlation analysis showed that most enzyme activities were easily affected by temperature(T), EC, OM, and C/N. The emission rate of NH₃ was positively correlated with T and negatively correlated with pH, and TVOC was significantly correlated with various physicochemical properties. This experiment showed that covering nano-membrane could accelerate the compost maturity and reduce the emission of odorous gases. This approach has no health risks and produces low malodorous gas, which may effectively solve the problem of pollutant emission caused by livestock manure compost fermentation, promoting the green and sustainable development of the breeding industry. In addition, it facilitates livestock manure fertilizer application, and provides technical support for the development of resource utilization of biomass waste.