典型橡胶制品业VOCs排放特征及对周边环境影响

选取衡水市3家典型橡胶制品企业作为研究对象，通过GC-MS/FID对其VOCs排放特征进行研究，并运用最大增量反应活性系数（maximum incremental reactivity，MIR）和气溶胶生成系数（fractional aerosol coefficient，FAC）分别对其臭氧生成潜势（ozone formaiton potential，OFP）和二次有机气溶胶（secondary organic aerosol，SOA）生成潜势进行评估.结果表明，橡胶制品行业的VOCs排放种类主要包括烷烃类、酮类、醛类、醇类和苯系物等.对于传统的只有炼胶工艺和硫化工艺的橡胶制品企业，其特征污染物主要为酮类和醇类，而对于涉及涂胶工艺和喷漆工艺的橡胶制品企业来说，其特征污染物为苯系物.对典型生产工艺的臭氧和SOA的生成潜势进行了评估：臭氧影响方面，对于不涉及涂胶和喷漆工艺的橡胶制品企业，臭氧生成贡献主要来自于含氧烃，对于涉及涂胶和喷漆工艺的企业，由于胶黏剂和漆料等有机溶剂的大量使用，苯系物对臭氧生成的贡献还是要远远大于其它VOCs物种，占到了VOCs总贡献的82.9%；SOA影响方面，橡胶制品企业的SOA贡献基本全部来自于苯系物，其中炼胶和硫化环节的贡献非常小，SOA贡献的主要来源是涂胶和喷漆环节，其中又以喷漆环节的贡献最大.因此，对于只有炼胶和硫化等工艺的传统橡胶制品企业，应优先控制含氧烃的排放，而对于涉及涂胶和喷漆等工艺的橡胶制品企业，应优先控制苯系物的排放.

Emission Characteristics and Environment Impacts of VOCs from Typical Rubber Manufacture

The emission characteristics of VOCs from three typical rubber manufacture industries were studied by GC-MS/FID. Maximum incremental reactivity(MIR) and fractional aerosol coefficient(FAC) were employed to evaluate the ozone formation potential(OFP) and secondary organic aerosol(SOA) formation potential. The results show that the VOC types emitted from the manufacturing of rubber products mainly include alkanes, ketones, aldehydes, alcohols, and benzene series. For traditional rubber products manufactured through rubber mixing and vulcanization, the main pollutants are ketones and alcohols, whereas for production processes involving gluing and painting, the main pollutants belong to the benzene series. In terms of ozone impact, the traditional processes contribute to ozone formation mainly through oxygenated hydrocarbons. In industries that utilize adhesives and paints, the extensive use of these organic solvents lead to a significantly higher contribution of the benzene series than other VOC species to ozone formation; the benzene series account for 82.9% of the total contribution. In terms of SOA impact, the benzene series are the main contributor to SOA, whereas the contribution of VOCs from traditional processes is small; hence, SOA primarily originates from the gluing and painting processes. Therefore, in traditional production of rubber products through rubber mixing and vulcanization, the emission of oxygenated hydrocarbons should be preferentially controlled, whereas for rubber industries utilizing gluing and painting processes, the emission of benzene series should be preferentially controlled.