一体式短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺启动过程的亚硝酸盐调控

以两类中试反应器（SBR，116.6 m³，活性污泥法和SBBR，64.8 m³，泥膜法）为对象，接种猪场废水处理厂的活性污泥，通过控制DO、曝气方式为主和外加NaNO₂为辅的亚硝酸盐调控策略，考察不同反应器在启动一体式短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化（combined partial nitritation and ANAMMOX，CPNA）工艺过程中NO₂^--N浓度对ANAMMOX菌的影响.结果表明，在相同运行条件下，泥膜共生的SBBR更适于短程硝化的快速启动.尽管受到NO₂^--N抑制（100~129 mg ·L^-1，共计7 d），但SBR在第39 d成功启动了ANAMMOX工艺，其TNRR和TNRE分别为0.069 kg ·（m³ ·d）^-1和23.3%，而长达17 d的NO₂^--N抑制（129~286 mg ·L^-1）则对SBBR中ANAMMOX菌活性造成了难以恢复的影响.外加NaNO₂后，SBR在第77 d成功启动了CPNA工艺，TNRR和TNRE分别从第51 d的0.070 kg ·（m³ ·d）^-1和16.0%迅速提高至第77 d的0.336 kg ·（m³ ·d）^-1和52.2%，ANAMMOX菌的活性也由最初的0.012 kg ·（kg ·d）^-1快速升高至第77 d的0.307 kg ·（kg ·d）^-1；SBR中AOB和ANAMMOX菌的基因拷贝数浓度由最初的8.06×10⁶ copies ·mL^-1和4.42×10⁴ copies ·mL^-1分别增长至第77 d的1.02×10⁹ copies ·mL^-1和1.77×10⁷ copies ·mL^-1，表明以调控DO和曝气方式为主，辅以外加NaNO₂的亚硝酸盐调控策略可有效实现反应器中AOB和ANAMMOX菌的快速增长.合理的NO₂^--N调控是CPNA工艺快速启动的关键因素.

Nitrite Regulation During Start-up of Combined Partial Nitritation and ANAMMOX Process

Two types of full-scale reactors(SBR, 116.6 m³, activated sludge process; SBBR, 64.8 m³, activated sludge and biofilm process) were inoculated with activated sludge from a swine wastewater treatment plant. The effect of NO₂^--N concentration on ANAMMOX was investigated in the reactors during the start-up of the combined partial nitritation and ANAMMOX(CPNA) process by controlling the dissolved oxygen(DO), aeration mode, and NaNO₂ dosing. The results showed that the SBBR was more suitable for rapid start-up of partial nitritation under the same operation conditions. Despite NO₂^--N inhibition(100-129 mg·L^-1, 7 days), the ANAMMOX process was successfully started by the SBR on day 39, and the total nitrogen removal rate and efficiency(TNRR and TNRE) were 0.069 kg·(m³·d) ^-1 and 23.3%, respectively. However, 17 days of NO₂^--N inhibition(129-286 mg·L^-1) had an unrecoverable effect on ANAMMOX activity in the SBBR. By adding NaNO₂, the SBR successfully started the CPNA process on day 77. The TNRR, TNRE, and activity of ANAMMOX from day 51 to 77 increased rapidly from 0.070 to 0.336 kg·(m³·d) ^-1, 16.0% to 52.2%, and 0.012 to 0.307 kg·(kg·d) ^-1, respectively. The gene copy concentration of AOB and ANAMMOX bacteria in the SBR increased from the original 8.06×10⁶ and 4.42×10⁴ copies·mL^-1 to 1.02×10⁹ and 1.77×10⁷ copies·mL^-1, respectively, which indicated that the rapid enrichment of AOB and ANAMMOX bacteria in the SBR was achieved mainly by controlling DO, aeration mode, and NaNO₂ dosing. Reasonable nitrite regulation is the key for the start of the CPNA process.