不同国家农用地土壤环境标准比较与启示

农用地土壤环境质量影响农产品质量、人体健康和生态安全.经过十几年的修订,我国于2018年发布了《土壤环境质量农用地土壤风险管控标准(试行)》(GB15618-2018).与国外发达国家相比,我国土壤污染防治依然处于起步阶段,当前有关农用地土壤环境标准相关的综述研究相对较少.本文系统梳理了国内外17个国家或地区的农用地土壤环境标准,从标准体系、保护目标、制定方法、覆盖指标、分析方法、标准数值和影响因素等方面进行对比分析.结果表明,我国农用地风险管控标准污染指标较少、均为总量指标,且制定过程缺乏标准化的推导方法.因此,我国农用地土壤风险管控标准仍需要持续地补充、修订和完善,建议后续加强农用地土壤环境基准和背景值等基础研究,建立科学、规范基准和标准制定方法,逐渐完善风险管控标准指标数量、形态和有效性指标,同时鼓励建立区域和地方配套农用地标准,为我国农用地土壤风险管控标准的优化和完善提供参考.

A Comparative Study of Soil Environmental Standards for Agricultural Land Among Different Countries and Its Implication for China

Soil environmental quality of agricultural land plays a determinate role in the quality of agricultural products, human health, and the safety of the ecosystem. In 2018, China issued the "soil environment quality risk control standard for soil contamination of agriculture land" (GB 15618-2018), which has been essential to soil pollution prevention and the control of agricultural land. In this study, a systematic and comparative analysis of soil environmental standards for the agricultural land of 17 countries or regions was conducted, including the framework, protection objective, derivation method, contaminant elements, analyses methods, and standard values, as well as the impact factors. The results showed that the number of contaminants of GB 15618-2018 was insufficient with the simple consideration of total concentrations. Meanwhile, there was a lack of the standardized derivation method. On such a basis, we put forward some suggestions to improve GB 15618-2018 in light of the aforementioned problems, including strengthening the research of soil environmental benchmark and background values; establishing the scientific and standardized derivation method; and improving the number, form, and availability of indicators for risk control. In the meantime, the regional and local background environmental concentration of soil was highly proposed as a supplement and optimization to soil screening values.