南京3类不同大气污染过程下气溶胶水溶性无机离子的特征研究

为了探讨不同大气污染过程下气溶胶中水溶性离子组分的差异,分析比较了2009年10月16～30日持续污染、2010年4月27～30日沙尘污染、2010年6月14日秸秆焚烧污染这3次污染过程中气溶胶（PM10、PM2.1和PM1.1）及主要水溶性离子（NH4＋、Mg2＋、Ca2＋、Na＋、K＋、NO2-、F-、NO3-、Cl-、SO24-）质量浓度及其谱分布.结果发现,3次污染过程中气溶胶污染严重,PM2.1/PM10比值有明显区别,其中沙尘污染过程最低,平均值仅为0.27;秸秆焚烧过程最高,为0.7.持续污染过程中NO3-和SO24-浓度较高,总阴离子质量浓度占PM10、PM2.1和PM1.1的18.62%、32.92%和33.53%.沙尘污染过程使气溶胶中的不溶物增加,总水溶性离子组分减少,仅占PM10、PM2.1和PM1.1的13.36%、23.72%和28.54%,而Ca2＋质量浓度高于其他时期,且主要分布在〉1μm粒径段上.秸秆焚烧过程中各种水溶性无机离子质量浓度均高于其他时期,但在气溶胶中比例较低;示踪物K＋明显高于其他过程.3次污染过程中NO3-、SO24-和NH4＋质量浓度峰值均在0.43～0.65μm粒径段.

Characteristics of Aerosol Water-Soluble Inorganic Ions in Three Types Air-Pollution Incidents of Nanjing City

In order to compare aerosol water-soluble inorganic species in different air-pollution periods, samples of PM10, PM2.1, PM1.1 and the main water-soluble ions (NH4+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+, K+, NO2(-), F(-), NO3(-), Cl(-), SO4(2-)) were measured, which were from 3 air-pollution incidents (continued pollution in October 16-30 of 2009, sandstorm pollution in April 27-30 of 2010, and crop burning pollution in June 14 of 2010. The results show that aerosol pollution of 3 periods is serious. The lowest PM2.1/PM10 is only 0.27, which is from sandstorm pollution period, while the largest is 0. 7 from crop burning pollution period. In continued pollution periods, NO3(-) and SO4(2-) are the dominant ions, and the total anions account for an average of 18.62%, 32.92% and 33.53% of PM10, PM2.1 and PM1.1. Total water-soluble ions only account for 13.36%, 23.72% and 28.54% of PM10, PM2.1 and PM1.1 due to the insoluble species is increased in sandstorm pollution period. The mass concentration of Ca2+ in sandstorm pollution period is higher than the other two pollution periods, and which is mainly in coarse particles with diameter larger than 1 microm. All the ten water-soluble ions are much higher in crop burning pollution especially K+ which is the tracer from crop burning. The peak mass concentrations of NO3(-), SO4(2-) and NH4+ are in 0.43-0.65 microm.