铬胁迫对3种草本植物生长及铬积累的影响

为了阐明铬胁迫对白花三叶草（Trifolium repens）、高羊茅（Festuca arundinacea）、紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）3种草本植物的毒害机制,为铬污染土壤植物修复提供理论依据,采用盆栽试验,在土壤中添加不同浓度的铬Cr（Ⅵ）]（K2Cr2O7为0、100、200、300和400 mg.kg-1）,研究重金属铬对3种草本植物生长、生理特性、重金属铬累积与分布的影响.结果表明,白花三叶草、高羊茅和紫花苜蓿的平均耐性指数分别为62.5、48.3和36.33.在铬浓度为400 mg.kg-1处理条件下,白花三叶草和高羊茅叶绿素含量、SOD和POD活性分别为对照的57.14%、51.51%、35.76%和63.27%、52.96%、41.36%,而紫花苜蓿无法生存.在铬胁迫下,3种草本植物的株高、根长、地上（下）部干重均表现降低,其降低大小顺序为紫花苜蓿〉高羊茅〉白花三叶草,但MDA含量增加,并且紫花苜蓿增加幅度最大,高羊茅次之,白花三叶草最小.三者对铬的耐受性表现为白花三叶草〉高羊茅〉紫花苜蓿.3种草本植物叶片积累的铬主要贮存于细胞壁,其次是细胞质,而在叶绿体和线粒体中含量较低.叶绿体和线粒体中铬含量与叶绿素、MDA含量、SOD和POD活性存在明显的相关性.随着铬浓度增加,3种草本植物叶片亚细胞组分中铬含量增加,并且总是紫花苜蓿〉高羊茅〉白花三叶草.当铬处理浓度为300 mg.kg-1时,与白花三叶草、高羊茅相比,紫花苜蓿叶片富集铬浓度最高,达51.44 mg.kg-1,其中分配于叶绿体（19.09%）和线粒体（18.04%）中铬的比例也明显较高.白花三叶草、高羊茅和紫花苜蓿地上部和地下部富集系数平均值分别为1.22、1.54;1.16、1.44和1.26、1.62,转运系数平均值分别为0.78、0.78和0.74.在重金属铬污染土壤治理中,白花三叶草和高羊茅有一定的潜在应用价值.

Effect of Cr(VI) stress on growth of three herbaceous plants and their Cr uptake

In order to elucidate the toxic mechanisms of Trifolium repens, Festuca arundinacea and Medicago sativa under chromium Cr (VI)] stress, provide a theoretic foundation for phytoremediation of Cr-contaminated soil, pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Cr(VI) on plant growth, physiological characteristics, Cr accumulation and distribution in three herbaceous plants. Soil sample was treated by adding K2Cr2O7 with the Cr(VI) concentration of 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg x kg(-1), respectively. The results indicated that the average tolerance indices of T. repens, F. arundinacea and M. sativa were 62.5, 48.3 and 36.33, respectively. Compared with control group, contents of chlorophyll, the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase (POD) were 57.14%, 51.51%, 35.76% and 63.27%, 52.96%, 41.36% in T. repens, and F. arundinacea, respectively, but M. sativa died in 400 mg x kg(-1) Cr(VI) treatment. The plant height, root length, dry mass of roots and shoots decreased under Cr(VI) stress in three herbaceous plants, and M. sativa > F. arundinacea > T. repens, however, the content of malonyldialdehyde (MDA) increased compared to the control, and the variation range of M. sativa was the highest, while T. repens was the smallest among them. The tolerance of Cr( VI) was T. repens > F. arundinacea > M. sativa. Cr mainly distributed in cell wall and then in the cytoplasm, and less distributed in the mitochondrion and chloroplast in leaves of three herbaceous plants, whereas the content of chlorophyll, MDA, the activity of SOD and POD correlated well with Cr accumulation in the mitochondrion and chloroplast. Cr concentration in the subcellular of leaves increased with the adding Cr(VI) concentration,and M. sativa > F. arundinacea > T. repens. In comparison with T. repens, F. arundinacea, Cr concentration in the leaves of M. sativa was the maximal, i.e. 51.44 mg x kg(-1), and the proportions in the mitochondrion (18.04%) and chloroplast (19.09%) were also higher in 300 mg x kg(-1) Cr(VI). The average accumulation factors of shoots/roots were 1.22/1.54, 1.16/1.44 and 1.26/1.62, while the average translocation factors were 0.78, 0.78 and 0.74 in T. repens, F. arundinacea and M. sativa, respectively. The results suggest that T. repens and F. arundinacea are promising for the phytoremediation of Cr-contaminated soil.