复合菌剂秸秆堆肥对土壤碳氮含量和酶活性的影响

秸秆资源化利用对于农业环境保护和可持续农业发展具有重要意义.利用实验室分离获得的15株高效纤维素降解菌,筛选出可有效降解秸秆的复合菌剂JFB-1,研究了复合菌剂秸秆堆肥对土壤碳氮含量和酶活性的影响.结果表明,接种该复合菌剂能将秸秆堆肥的单个发酵周期缩短1~2 d,堆肥中有机质含量达到403.5~515.1 g·kg-1,C/N比降低至15.30~10.53.盆栽试验发现,施用水稻秸秆堆肥的效果总体好于相应的芦笋秸秆堆肥.与水稻秸秆对照堆肥比较,施用复合菌剂处理的水稻秸秆堆肥150 g·kg-1时,土壤中有机质和全氮含量分别提高33.5%和7.3%,土壤脲酶和纤维素酶活性分别提高16.7%和30.8%;与不施肥处理比较,施用秸秆堆肥可改善土壤微生物群落结构,增加微生物多样性指数.当施用复合菌剂处理的水稻秸秆堆肥100 g·kg-1时,栽培30 d的普通白菜生物量比水稻秸秆对照堆肥提高46.4%,表明复合菌剂JFB-1在秸秆堆肥中具有很大的应用潜力.

Straw Composts with Composite Inoculants and Their Effects on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Contents and Enzyme Activity

The utilization of straw resources is of great significance to agricultural environmental protection and sustainable agricultural development. Based on the isolated 15 high-efficient cellulose degrading bacteria in the laboratory, the composite inoculants (JFB-1) which can effectively degrade crop straw were screened, and the effects of straw composts with the composite inoculants on soil carbon and nitrogen contents and enzyme activity were studied. The results showed that the composite inoculants could accelerate straw decomposition for 1-2 d during single fermentation period, and the organic matter contents in straw composts reached 403.5-515.1 g·kg^-1, while the ratio of carbon and nitrogen decreased from 10.53 to 15.30. The pot experiments found that the application effects of rice straw composts were generally better than those of corresponding asparagus straw composts. Compared with the control compost of rice straw, when the application amount of rice straw compost using the composite inoculants was 150 g·kg^-1, the contents of soil organic matter and total nitrogen increased by 33.5% and 7.3%, and soil urease and cellulase activities increased by 16.7% and 30.8%, respectively. Compared with no fertilization treatment, the application of straw composts could improve soil microbial community structure, and increase microbial diversity indices. When the application amount of rice straw compost using the composite inoculants was 100 g·kg^-1, the biomass of common Chinese cabbage cultivated for 30 d increased by 46.4% compared to the control compost of rice straw. These results indicated that the composite inoculants have great application potential in straw composts.