干热河谷林地燥红土固碳特征及"新固定"碳表观稳定性

全球气候变化背景下,森林土壤固碳能力及所固定碳的稳定性受到极大关注.基于土壤密度分组和酸水解技术,对比研究了1991年营造的大叶相思(Acacia auriculiformis)林不同阶段(1991、1997、2003和2010年)土壤及其物理和生化组分中有机碳密度.结果表明,造林19 a后林地表层(0～15 cm)和亚表层(15～30 cm)土壤有机碳密度分别为1.40 kg.m-2和0.99kg.m-2.研究期内(1991～2010年)表层和亚表层土壤平均固碳速率分别为37.89 g.(m2.a)-1和16.84 g.(m2.a)-1,且土壤呈现加速固碳特征.2003年林地表层重组有机碳分配比例为71.44%,显著高于2010年(67.99%).2003年林地表层或亚表层轻组顽固性碳指数显著高于重组,但均随林龄的增加而降低,尤其是轻组顽固性碳指数.2003～2010年间燥红土"新固定"碳中57%～70%受物理保护,33%～49%为生化稳定性碳.研究揭示出干热河谷人工林燥红土具备较大的固碳能力.受物理保护碳的生化稳定性低于非保护碳,其稳定性均随林龄的增加而降低.

Characteristics of Carbon Sequestration and Apparent Stability of New Sequestered Carbon in Forested Torrid Red Soil at Dry-Hot Valley

Great concerns about potential for carbon (C) sequestration in forested soil and the stability of the sequestered C have been exerted under the background of global climate change. Organic C density in soil and in soil physical and biochemical fractions at various stages (1991, 1997, 2003 and 2010) in Acacia auriculiformis stand afforested in 1991 were investigated at Dry-Hot Valley via density fractionation and acid hydrolysis. The results showed that organic C density at surface (0-15 cm) and subsurface (15-30 cm) soil layers was 1.40 kg·m^-2 and 0.99 kg·m^-2 after 19 years of afforestation, respectively. The annual C sequestration rates of surface and subsurface soil layers were 37.89 g·(m²·a)^-1 and 16.84 g·(m²·a)^-1 during 1991-2010, respectively, and the sequestration was accelerating. The ratio of organic C in heavy fraction to in surface soil was 71.44% in 2003, which was significantly higher than that in 2010 (67.99%). The recalcitrant carbon index (IRC) in light fraction was significantly higher than that in heavy fraction at surface or subsurface layers in 2003, but both decreased with aging of plantation, especially IRC in light fraction. Approximately 57%-70% of new sequestered C was protected by physical mechanism and 33-49 percent was biochemical recalcitrant C during the stage from 12 to 19 years after afforestation. The results reveal that forested torrid red soil at Dry-Hot Valley may have a considerable capability of C sequestration. The biochemical stability of physically protected C is lower than the unprotected. Both the stability, however, decreases with the plantation age.