湖泊疏浚对沉积物再悬浮及磷迁移影响的模拟研究

选择太湖梅梁湾污染沉积物为研究对象,选取夏季和冬季两个典型季节,进行室内模拟试验研究了湖泊疏浚对沉积物再悬浮及磷迁移的影响.结果表明,研究区模拟疏浚20 cm能够有效地抑制沉积物发生再悬浮,冬季疏浚比夏季疏浚抑制效果更好,在扰动过程中夏季未疏浚对照和疏浚水柱总悬浮物(TSS)最大含量分别为初始值的7.0和2.2倍;而冬季未疏浚对照和疏浚水柱分别为24.3和6.4倍.统计分析发现,夏、冬两季模拟试验未疏浚对照和疏浚水柱中总磷(TP)、磷酸盐(PO34--P)含量都与TSS含量变化呈现显著正相关(P<0.05),表明风浪扰动造成大量沉积物再悬浮,并伴随内源磷的释放是水柱中TP和磷酸盐的主要来源.夏季模拟试验疏浚对水柱中TP和磷酸盐负荷控制效果略差,冬季模拟试验疏浚水柱中TP和磷酸盐含量都显著(P<0.01)低于未疏浚对照.利用薄膜扩散梯度(DGT)技术研究了夏季疏浚沉积物-水界面上间隙水中溶解态活性磷(DRP)垂向分布,未疏浚水土界面中间隙水DRP扩散层厚度大于疏浚样,但疏浚样间隙水DRP在水土界面的离子浓度势能大于未疏浚对照样,表明底泥疏浚可以有效地降低疏浚区间隙水中DRP潜在的释放风险,但水动力作用下短期内可能会导致疏浚间隙水中DRP释放.对于太湖这样的大型浅水湖泊,确定最佳的疏浚时令、疏浚深度及疏浚范围至关重要.

Influence of Dredging on Sediment Resuspension and Phosphorus Transfer in Lake: A Simulation Study

A simulated experiment was conducted to investigate the impacts of sediment dredging on sediment resuspension and phosphorus transfer in the summer and winter seasons under the common wind-wave disturbance, and the contaminated sediment used in this study was from Meiliang Bay,Taihu lake. The result showed that 20 cm dredging could effectively inhibit the sediment resuspension in study area, dredging in winter has a better effect than that in summer, and the higher values of the total suspended solid (TSS) in undredged and dredged water column during the process of wind wave disturbance were 7.0 and 2.2, 24.3 and 6.4 times higher than the initial value in summer and winter simulation respectively. The paired-samples t-test result demonstrated that total phosphorus (TP) and phosphate(PO₄^3--P) loading positively correlated to TSS content in dredged(P<0.01) and undredged water column(P<0.05),which proved that internal phosphorus fulminating release induced by wind-wave disturbance would significantly increase the TP and PO₄^3--P loading in the water column. The effect of dredging conducted in summer on the TP and PO₄^3--P loading in the water column was negative, but not for winter dredging (P<0.01). The pore water dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) profile at water-sediment interface in summer simulation was also investigated by diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique. Diffusion layer of the DRP profile in undredged sediment was wider than that in dredged sediment. However, the DRP diffusion potential in dredged sediment was greater than that in undredged sediment, showing that dredging can effectively reduce the risk of the DRP potential release in dredged pore water, but also would induce the DRP fulminating release in the short time under hydrodynamic action. Generally, dredging was usually deployed during the summer and the autumn. Considering Taihu Lake is a large, shallow, eutrophic lake and the contaminant distribution is spatially heterogeneous, it is vital to determine the optimal time, depth and scope of dredging.