唐山开滦煤矿区土壤及地表水中Se元素赋存状态及其生态效应研究

矿山开采通常会对生态环境产生负面影响.本研究换一种角度,考察煤矿开采利用过程中产生的有益元素Se,分析其在土壤、注入矿井水的地表水中的赋存状态及小麦、玉米、水稻等农作物对硒元素的富集性.结果表明,矿区土壤中硒元素主要以有机态和残渣态存在,水溶态占1%.土壤水溶总硒中Se4+和Se6+分别占23.89%和32.99%.注入矿井水的地表水中Se4+和Se6+分别占37.78%和40.24%.农作物小麦、玉米、水稻中硒平均含量分别为0.169、0.094和0.26 mg.kg-1.其中水稻多采用矿井水浇灌,此举不但解决了废水排放问题,还产生了富硒谷物,且有害元素含量不高.因此,充分利用矿区富硒资源,可以趋利避害,减少矿山开采的负面效应.

Occurrence Form and Ecological Effect of Selenium in Soil and Surface Water of Kailuan Coalfield of Tangshan

Mining induced generally adverse effect to the environmental ecosystems. This paper studied the beneficial element Se produced in the process of coal mining and burning. The occurrence form of Se in soil and surface water influx into the mine water and the enrichment of Se by crops such as wheat, maize and rice were analyzed. The results indicated that organic and residual forms are the dominant forms of Se in soil, with the soluble form accounting for only 1%. Se⁴⁺ and Se⁶⁺ accounted for 23.89% and 32.99% in total soluble Se in soil, respectively. In the surface water influx into the mine water, the percentages were 37.78% and 40.24%, respectively. The mean contents of Se in wheat, maize and rice were 0.169 mg·kg^-1, 0.094 mg·kg^-1 and 0.26 mg·kg^-1, respectively. Rice was irrigated using the mine water, which did not only solve the problem of waste water, but also produced Se-enriched rice, moreover, the contents of deleterious elements were not high. Therefore, making full use of the Se-enriched resource in the mining area would weaken the adverse effect of mining.