中国民用煤燃烧排放细颗粒物中重金属的清单

基于稀释通道采样系统和室内模拟燃烧实测,并搜集全国各省区煤中11种重金属的含量,推算出两种常用民用煤(蜂窝煤和块煤)燃烧排放的细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))中V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Sb和Pb等11种重金属排放因子.计算了2012年全国(除港、澳、台地区)民用燃煤排放PM_(2.5)中重金属的排放量,并建立了全国30 km×30 km的网格化清单.结果表明,蜂窝煤燃烧排放PM2.5中,Pb、Zn、As和Cu的排放因子较高,分别为27.1、16.8、0.99和0.97 mg·kg-1,分别是块煤的56、6、10和2倍.2012年我国民用燃煤燃烧排放PM_(2.5)中V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Sb和Pb的排放总量分别为0.5、30.1、59.5、1.1、29.3、20.0、188.9、64.9、1.6、3.4和176.7 t.湖南、河北、内蒙古、河南和山东等省区民用煤燃烧排放的各种重金属总排放量较高,分别占全国排放总量的12.4%、12.3%、10.4%、9.9%和9.3%.不同重金属的单位面积排放强度与人均排放量显示,北京、河南、山东、湖南、江西、贵州以及内蒙古等地区存在较高的重金属健康风险.空间分布信息显示,Zn和Pb年排放量较大的地区分布较广,主要分布在内蒙古、河北、北京、天津、山东、河南、甘肃、湖南以及江西等省(市)区.本研究所得细粒子中重金属清单可为区域空气质量模拟、人体健康风险评估等提供基础数据.

Emission Inventory of Heavy Metals in Fine Particles Emitted from Residential Coal Burning in China

Based on a dilution sampling system and domestic burning tests, emission factors (EFs) for eleven heavy metals of V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sb and Pb in PM_2.5 from raw coal and honeycoal burning were calculated, using their contents in raw coals of different provinces. Then the total emission amounts of heavy metals from residential coals burning in 2012 were calculated and 30 km×30 km grid cell-based emission inventories were established. The results showed that the EFs of Pb, Zn, As and Cu were higher from honeycomb coal burning. They were 27.1, 16.8, 0.99 and 0.97 mg·kg^-1, which were 56, 6, 10 and 2 times of those for raw coal, respectively. The total emissions of V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sb and Pb in PM_2.5 from residential coal burning in 2012 were 0.5, 30.1, 59.5, 1.1, 29.3, 20.0, 188.9, 64.9, 1.6, 3.4 and 176.7 t. Hunan, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Henan, and Shandong held higher emission amounts, which were 12.4%, 12.3%, 10.4%, 9.9% and 9.3% of the total emissions of the whole country. Beijing, Henan, Shandong, Hunan, Jiangxi, Guizhou and Inner Mongolia were the regions with higher emission intensities and emission amounts per capita. The spatial distribution showed that the regions with higher annual emissions of Zn and Pb distributed widely, mainly in Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Shandong, Henan, Gansu, Hunan and Jiangxi. The emission inventories for heavy metals in fine particles established here are important for regional air quality modeling and human health risk assessment.