柘林湾表层沉积物中有机氯农药的分布特征及生态风险评价

考察了柘林湾11个位点表层沉积物中20种有机氯农药含量分布及污染状况,采用风险商RQ和NOAA的SQG沉积物质量标准评价了沉积物中OCPs的生态风险和各位点的综合生态风险,初步分析了沉积物中HCHs、DDTs的来源以及沉积物中OCPs与沉积物性质参数的相关性.结果表明,柘林湾沉积物中DDTs的含量较高,尤其是p,p'-DDD,沉积物中DDTs含量超出中国海洋沉积物质量标准;沉积物中ΣOCPs的浓度在14.14~306.88 ng·g-1之间,平均值为78.37 ng·g~(-1),其中S8位点的ΣOCPs含量最高.p,p'-DDD、p,p'-DDT在多数研究位点具有必然的不利生物效应和高度生态风险,S8、S10位点处于强影响生态风险状态.柘林湾沉积物中HCHs主要来源于林丹类农药的使用;S1、S2、S10、S11位点均有近期的DDTs输入,其它位点DDTs主要来自早期残留或施用农药长期风化后的沉积物.沉积物中HCHs、硫丹、氯丹、狄氏剂之间存在极显著正相关性,它们与沉积物TOC间存在负相关,TOC的存在促进了生物降解;p,p'-DDD与Ca的明显正相关揭示了早期施用DDT随生物碳酸盐沉积;沉积物中颗粒物逐渐增大不利于OCPs在沉积物中的积累和富集.

Distribution Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Pesticides in Surface Sediments of Zhelin Bay in Guangdong Province, China

The distribution characteristics and pollution degrees of 20 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were investigated in surface sediments from Zhelin Bay south of China and the ecological risk of OCPs and integrated ecological risk at the samples stations in sediments were evaluated by risk quotient (RQ) and sediment quality guideline of NOAA. The possible sources of HCHs and DDTs in sediments were preliminarily studied, and the correlation between OCPs and sediment characteristic parameters was discussed. The concentrations of DDTs in surface sediments were found to be higher than those of other OCPs, especially p,p''-DDD, and the concentrations of DDTs were higher than the limited values of Chinese Marine sediment quality criteria. The total concentration of 20 OCPs in surface sediments ranged from 14.14 to 306.88 ng·g^-1, with a mean concentration of 78.37 ng·g^-1, and the highest total concentration was at site 8(S8). There were inevitable adverse biological effects and high ecological risk of p,p''-DDD and p,p''-DDT, high integrated ecological risk at S8 and S10. The possible sources of HCHs in surface sediments of Zhelin Bay were mainly from the application of Lindane pesticides. At S1,S2,S10,S11 there was input of DDT into mariculture area of Zhelin Bay, and at the other sites the sources of DDT were from the early residue in sediments or the long-term weathering sediments of using pesticides. There was a very significant positive correlation between HCHs, endosulfan, chlordane and dieldrin in sediments, while there was a negative relation between the above OCPs and TOC, which indicated that the presence of TOC could promote their biodegradation. There was a significant positive correlation between p, p''-DDD and Ca, which revealed that DDT used in the early period was deposited with biological carbonate. Increasing size of sediment particles discouraged the accumulation and enrichment of OCPs in sediments.