后置固相反硝化滤池工艺沿程微生物特性

为解决现有低碳源污水处理工艺能耗高、工艺复杂和脱氮效果不佳等问题，提出一种新型的混凝沉淀/后置固相反硝化滤池工艺.为了从微生物角度来解释该工艺的宏观脱氮效果，采用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳（PCR-DGGE）技术研究了工艺中生物滤池沿程微生物群落结构的变化规律及脱氮功能菌的类型.结果表明，硝化滤池内生物膜中微生物的多样性和丰度沿上向流方向呈逐渐上升的趋势，且硝化细菌在顶端富集，而固相反硝化滤池呈先上升后下降的趋势，反硝化菌在中部富集.硝化滤池中的优势菌株为硝化细菌Nitrosomonas sp. Nm47和Candidatus Nitrospira defluvii；固相反硝化滤池中的优势菌株为反硝化菌Rubrivivas gelatinosus和固体碳源降解反硝化菌Myxobacteria.

Microbiological Characteristics of a Post Solid-Phase Denitrification Biofilter Process

To solve the problems of high energy consumption, complex process, and low nitrogen removal efficiency of the currently available low carbon source wastewater treatment processes, a novel coagulation sedimentation/post solid-phase denitrification biofilter process was proposed. Domestic wastewater with low carbon to nitrogen ratio was treated. The changes in the microbial community structure along the biofilters were studied and the functional bacteria were identified using the polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). The results showed that the microbial diversity and richness of the microorganisms increased from the bottom to the top along the nitrification filter, while in the denitrification filter, there parameters increased firstly and then decreased from the bottom to the top along the cylinder. A bigger population of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria was observed at the top and the middle of the nitrification and denitrification biofilter, respectively. Moreover, Nitrosomonas sp. Nm47 and Candidatus Nitrospira defluvii were the predominant nitrifying bacteria in the nitrification biofilter, and Myxobacteria and Rubrivivas gelatinosus were the predominant denitrifying bacteria in the solid-phase denitrification biofilter.