广西刁江野生鱼类重金属积累特征及其健康风险评价

为评估广西刁江野生鱼类重金属积累特征及其健康风险,分析了广西刁江水系8种野生鱼类肌肉中铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、砷(As)和汞(Hg)5种重金属的含量水平.利用污染指数法和目标危害系数法对其污染程度、食用安全性及健康风险进行了评价.结果表明,所有鱼类肌肉样品中Pb、Cd、Cr、As和Hg的含量范围分别为0.041~1.160、0.000 1~0.066、0.173~0.789、0.010~2.420和0.000 7~0.077 mg·kg~(-1).Pb和As的含量水平超出《食品中污染物限量》(GB 2762-2012)的限值,超标率分别为5.06%和64.56%;而Cd、Cr和Hg的含量水平未出现超标现象.污染指数结果表明:越南鱊和须鱊受到重金属严重污染;罗非鱼处于中污染水平;餐鲦、南方拟餐、鲫鱼、大眼鳜和草鱼处于轻污染水平.刁江水系8种野生鱼类对Pb、Cr和Hg的富集程度较大;肉食性和杂食性鱼类重金属含量水平高于草食性鱼类.越南鱊和须鱊复合重金属目标危害系数均大于1,这表明当地居民长期摄食越南鱊和须鱊暴露重金属存在潜在健康风险.在所有野生鱼类(南方拟餐和餐鲦除外)的复合重金属目标危害系数中,As的贡献比例最高,平均贡献率达到76.63%,说明As是主要风险元素.

Accumulation Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Wild Fish Species from Diaojiang River, Guangxi

To explore the accumulation characteristics and health risk assessment of heavy metals in wild fish species, the concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, As and Hg) in the muscle samples of eight wild fish species collected from Diaojiang River, Guangxi were analyzed. The degree of pollution, food safety and health risk of heavy metals in wild fish species were evaluated using the average pollution index and the target hazard quotient methods. The results showed that the concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cr, As and Hg in wild fish species ranged from 0.041 to 1.160, 0.0001 to 0.066, 0.173 to 0.789, 0.010 to 2.420 and 0.0007 to 0.077mg·kg^-1, respectively. The concentrations of Pb and As in wild fish species exceeded the limit values of the Maximum Levels of Contaminants in Foods (GB 2762-2012), and the over-standard rates were 5.06% and 64.56% respectively. The concentrations of Cd, Cr and Hg did not exceed the standard. The average pollution index results showed that Acheilognathus tonkinensis and Acheilognathus barbatus were seriously polluted by heavy metals. The Oreochromis niloticus were moderately polluted. The Siniperca kneri Garman, Carassius auratus, Pseudohemiculter dispar, Ctenopharyngodon idellus, Hemiculter leucisculus were slightly polluted. Higher bioaccumulation factors of Pb, Cr and Hg were found in wild fish species from Diaojiang River. The concentrations of heavy metals in carnivorous fish and omnivorous fish were higher than those in herbivorous fish. Potential health risk assessment showed that the total target hazard quotients (TTHQ) of Acheilognathus tonkinensis and Acheilognathus barbatus were higher than 1. It indicated that the local residents posed higher human health risk due to the long-term consumption of Acheilognathus tonkinensis and Acheilognathus barbatus. Among all the TTHQ in wild fish species (except Pseudohemiculter dispar and Hemiculter leucisculus), the contribution rate of As was the highest, and the average contribution rate reached 76.63%, which indicated that As was the main risk factor.