北京市民用燃煤烟气中气态污染物排放特征

以北京远郊农村居民常用的蜂窝煤、煤球、烟煤散煤为实验用煤,开展燃烧实验.研究了烟气无机污染物排放因子、VOCs释放情况.结果表明在充分燃烧的条件下,蜂窝煤、煤球、烟煤气态污染物SO2排放因子分别为1.50、1.91、1.62kg·t~(-1);NOx排放因子分别为0.420、0.901、2.20 kg·t~(-1);CO排放因子分别为22.4、37.3、87.3 kg·t~(-1).燃烧排放的NOx和CO的排放因子顺序关系为:烟煤煤球蜂窝煤;SO2的排放因子大小顺序分别为:煤球烟煤蜂窝煤.获得了北京市2014年3种民用煤燃烧排放的气态污染物的排放清单,烟煤散煤排放的SO2超过了0.55万t,NOx超过了0.75万t,CO超过了29万t.3种煤质燃烧过程中点火和封火阶段VOCs排放浓度相对较高,各阶段VOCs排放因子为点火阶段最高,封火阶段次之.

Emission Characteristics of Residential Coal Combustion Flue Gas in Beijing

Honeycomb briquet,biomass briquettes and bituminous coal from suburb of Beijing were chosen as testing samples to carry out combustion experiments. The characteristics of inorganic pollutant emission factors and VOCs emission factors released from the flue gas were studied. The results showed that under the condition of sufficient combustion, the average emission factors of SO₂ from these three types of coal respectively were 1.50,1.91,1.62 kg·t^-1;NO_x 0.420,0.901,2.20 kg·t^-1;CO 22.4,37.3,87.3 kg·t^-1. Combustion emission factors of gaseous pollutants for NO_x and CO were in the order of bituminous coal > biomass briquettes > honeycomb briquet. SO₂ emission factors were in the order of biomass briquettes > bituminous coal > honeycomb briquet. The 2014 emissions inventory of the three civil coal combustion pollutants in Beijing was obtained. Bituminous coal emissions of SO₂ was more than 5.5×10³ tons,NO_x was more than 7.5×10³ tons,CO was more than 290×10³ tons. All these coal types released more kinds and higher concentrations of volatile organic compounds in ignition phase and damp down stage. VOCs emission factor was the highest during ignition phase, followed by damp down phase.