宿鸭湖沉积物重金属空间分布及潜在生态风险评价

为了研究宿鸭湖沉积物中重金属的污染状况,采集了宿鸭湖湖心、中围和外围这3个位置的沉积物,对沉积物中重金属Cu、Cd、Cr、Zn、Pb、Ni的含量进行测定,运用地积累指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对研究区的重金属含量特征和污染状况进行分析,并采用克里格法和相关性分析对重金属的分布规律和相互关系进行评价.结果表明:(1)就平均值而言,最大的是Zn达112.87 mg·kg~(-1),其次是Cr,平均值最小的Cd仅为0.41 mg·kg~(-1).除Cd和Cr之外,Cu、Zn、Pb和Ni的变异系数相对较小,在24%~31%之间,属于中度变异程度.Cd和Cr的变异系数分别为50.41%和41.92%,空间分异明显,说明其可能受到外界的影响更为显著;(2)重金属Cu、Cd、Cr、Zn、Pb和Ni之间具有很强的线性关系,存在显著的正相关性,且6种重金属具有一定的同源特征,有着共同的外源输入;(3)研究区主要的污染元素为Cd、Cr和Zn,污染程度相对比较严重,且范围广泛,其中,Cd的污染程度最为严重,整体的污染水平为中度等级,且在部分样点区的污染程度达至重度污染,Cr、Zn、Pb的污染状况相对比较轻缓,属于轻度污染等级,且Cu、Pb和Ni的整体状况较好,不存在生态风险;(4)就整体而言,宿鸭湖东北部污染程度较轻,西南的污染程度相对比较严重,呈现出明显的西南向东北递减的空间分布特征,位于库区外围的西南方向,各样点的各重金属含量均较高,而外围的东北部,是低含量重金属的聚集区,Cu、Cr、Zn、Ni为无污染状态.

Spatial Distribution and Potential Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sediments of Suya Lake

In order to study the pollution status of heavy metals in sediments of Suya Lake, the concentrations of heavy metals Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn, Pb and Ni in sediments were measured at three locations in the center, middle and periphery of Suya Lake, the content characteristics and the pollution status of heavy metals in the study area were analyzed by the method of geoaccumulation index and potential ecological risk index, and the distribution and interrelation of heavy metals were evaluated by Kriging method and correlation analysis. The results showed that, on average, Zn was the highest, 112.87 mg·kg^-1, followed by Cr, the smallest average of Cd was only 0.41 mg·kg^-1. In addition to Cd and Cr, the coefficients of variation of Cu, Zn, Pb and Ni were relatively small, ranging from 24% to 31%, with moderate degree of variation. The coefficients of variation of Cd and Cr were 50.41% and 41.92%, respectively, and the spatial variation was obvious, which indicated that the variation of Cd and Cr was more significant than the others; 2The heavy metals Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn, Pb and Ni had a strong linear relationship, and there was a significant positive correlation, and six kinds of heavy metals had some homologous characteristics, with a common external input; 3The main pollution elements in the study area were Cd, Cr and Zn, the pollution degree was relatively serious, and the scope was extensive. Among them, the pollution degree of Cd was the most serious, the overall pollution level was moderate, and the pollution degree in some sample areas reached up to severe pollution, the pollution status of Cr, Zn and Pb was relatively mild, the pollution status of Cu, Pb and Ni was better, and there was no ecological risk; 4On the whole, the pollution level of the northeastern part of Suya Lake was relatively light, the degree of pollution in the southwest was relatively serious, showing a significant spatial distribution characteristics of decreasing from southwest to northeast, the contents of heavy metals in the samples were higher than those in the southwest of the reservoir, while the northeastern part of the periphery was the area with accumulation of low concentrations of heavy metals., and there was no pollution from Cu, Cr, Zn and Ni.